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为年底业绩顺利出炉 龙光回购疑似“明股实债”项目

2017-09-07 18:07:03   中国经济网

在此之前,龙光聘请的独立审计师毕马威在龙光2016年年报中提出过两条保留意见,其中一条涉及龙光骏景这家项目公司。

龙光2016年业绩报告显示,平安大华在与龙光签订了合作框架协定后,于2016年12月31日,向龙光骏景注资48亿元,向惠州东圳注资39.6亿元,共87.6亿元。龙光管理层将此金额列为“控股股东权益及其他储备”。协议中约定了两家项目公司应分别不迟于2至3年内自平安大华购回股权。

毕马威在保留意见中称,由于这些合同包含了龙光在某些情形下回购股权的条款,所以注资被界定为权益一事,没有按照《香港会计准则第32号—金融工具:披露》的要求处理。毕马威的保留意见,说明了龙光地产的框架协议中或包含了具有刚性兑付的“抽屉协议”,疑似业内所谓的“明股实债”。

直到今年7月19日,即龙光发布2017年半年业绩的前夕,龙光回复了毕马威的保留意见,称公司正考虑采取“提供充分证据证明会计处理方式”或“回购两家项目公司”的方式,争取在今年底之前移除保留意见。在此之前,龙光已于2017年6月28日从平安大华手中回购了惠州东圳10%的股权。

按照框架协定,龙光至少可以在2018年后再购回两家项目公司股权。鉴于龙光已开始回购两家项目公司权益,“提供证据”自证清白的方式已经被摒弃,在一定程度上可以认为,龙光已默认其抽屉协议的存在。

“明股实债”的好处有优化资产负债表、避免控制权变更等。据了解,2016年全国发行房地产信托的公司有49家,在全部68家信托公司中占比高达72%。深圳房企中,上一个被审计师提出同样意见的是佳兆业,其后经历了长达两年的债务危机。

根据毕马威的保留意见,龙光和平安大华的框架协议中所涉及的权益,一旦出现任何调整都会形成一连串反应,直接影响龙光2015年及2016年年度业绩报告中所表现出的负债、净资产、净利润等数据。龙光2016年全年的借贷总额约为332亿元,净负债比率为71.4%,如果将87.6亿元的权益金额调整为负债,2016年的借贷总额则需增加26%。

具体到深圳龙光骏景,相比于注资额,平安大华此次转让权益,仅得到约1.18%的增值回报。如果按借款来计算,不足2%的利息水平也远低于银行开发贷。

同样在7月19日,龙光地产还公布了其与平安大华的服务协定,即平安大华为龙光骏景提供融资服务和融资援助,而龙光骏景需要支付每年3.744亿元的服务费,服务时间为2015年10月16日至2016年12月31日。开始的时间就是平安大华第一次注资的时间,而这个服务协议在龙光地产2016年的年报中并没有出现。

加上近4亿的服务费之后,平安大华之所以愿意以极低的利息予以支持的逻辑就很明显了:龙光低成本利用资金,平安大华提供融资服务获益。签订协议的关键前提是,平安大华要对项目的盈利前景有足够的信心。

龙光还以同样的方式与平安大华合作开发了位于深圳龙华的龙光玖龙玺,土地连同其上楼宇的帐面值为23亿元,最近一次开盘在去年的7月,整体均价为7.25万元/平方米,龙光玖龙玺是2014年深圳龙华区的总价、楼面价双地王。

2016年12月26日,龙光已回购了深圳市金骏房地产有限公司剩余的49%股权,深圳金骏成为龙光的间接全资附属公司。截至2016年12月31日,深圳金骏的资产净值为38.56亿元。

从近期回购项目公司急于摆脱审计质疑的动作来看,龙光与平安大华联手拿地王的时代有可能将一去不返。更重要的是,今年2月,中国证券投资基金业协会研究发布《4号文》,禁止私募资产管理计划直接或间接进入商品住宅领域。

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