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“男丁格尔”何时不再成新闻

2017-09-07 09:36:46   央广网

原标题:“男丁格尔”何时不再成新闻

提起护士,大多数人脑海中浮现的是头戴燕尾帽、身着白衣,面带微笑、温柔细致的女性形象。影视作品的人物塑造和现实生活的直观体验,进一步固化了人们对于护士的印象。但在护士行业,男性正加速入场。据媒体报道,浙江几大高校护理专业今年迎来大批“男丁格尔”,仅宁波卫生职业技术学院就招收护理、助产方向的男生60多人,而目前杭州的男护士也不过200多人。

严格来说,男性护士这个称呼本身就欠妥。在一项职业前通过性别加以限定,容易产生异义甚至贬义。但为了准确叙述,笔者在本文中将沿用这种叫法。由于不少人对现代医疗工作缺乏了解,加之历史上各地的卫生学校是护士的主要来源,因此护士多被认为是低学历的代名词,工作也没什么技术含量。这直接导致男性选择成为护士,首先要面对来自舆论的压力和传统文化观点的挑战。很多家长不支持自家孩子学习护理专业,正是出于这种刻板印象。但事实上,查看近年来北京各大医院新聘护士的学历不难发现,本科学历几成护士标配,研究生学历的也不乏其人。以北京协和医学院护理学院为例,录取学生平均分在重点分数线30分以上,高达95%的就业率同样让人瞩目。

另一个导致部分男生不愿意选择护理专业的原因是,一些人认为当护士的职业发展空间有限,似乎护士长就是职业发展的天花板了。因此,总有人抛出类似于“为什么护士要通过4年的本科培养”的问题。其实,随着医学的进步,护理的工作内容与过去相比已发生很大变化,“护理”早已不局限于发药打针等简单的工作。医院建制不断完善,对护士的专业化知识提出了更高的要求。仍以北京协和医学院为例,护理专业的学生还需要学习解剖学、生理学等诸多课程。

事实上,其他国家同样存在护理专业中男生稀缺的现象。相关数据显示,自20世纪80年代起,美国护士人群中男性占比从2.7%逐渐上升至9.6%。总体来看,男性护士占比同样不容乐观,造成了男性护士在某些特定岗位高度集聚。比如,在麻醉护士中,男性占比高达40%,因为与普通病房护士相比,麻醉护士需要拥有更为复杂专业的知识,面临的从业难度和风险更大。另外,那些劳动强度较大的岗位,男性护士的胜任度确实更高。尽管不能完全类比,但在国内医院中,确实也存在一些高度专业化的护士岗位,比如体外循环、急诊、重症监护。这些岗位的护士往往需要在毕业后接受更多的培训,才能取得相应的资格证书,因此产生了男性聚集的现象,反衬出男性在护士行业总体占比的不足。

时代在发展,社会在进步,对于护士包括男护士的刻板印象需要破除,对于长久以来存在的偏见需要纠正。然而,观念转变是一个缓慢的过程,尽管男性从事护理专业具有独特优势是事实,男性护士未来一段时间内供不应求也将是事实。但浙江高校的招生新动态释放了一个积极的信号,希望“男丁格尔”未来不会再成为新闻。

(作者:李威,系医务工作者)

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