新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China

一开车就冲动 老司机为何不安全?

2017-09-07 09:02:23   中国青年网

《开车心理学:为什么我们一开车就变了样?》

(美)汤姆·范德比尔特著

邹熙、陈晓斐译

中信出版集团

◎郑渝川(书评人)

长期为《纽约时报》、《连线》等媒体撰写专栏文章的作家汤姆·范德比尔特写成了一本趣味性极强的《开车心理学:为什么我们一开车就变了样?》。这本书强调指出,不应将交通拥堵的责任归咎于女性——如果说因为女性的较多、高频出行,确实助推了拥堵,也需要因此更加客观地将她们相比男性所承担的工作、家务压力纳入考虑。道路上之所以更多的出现女司机,其深层次原因是,市场经济在不断促成家务劳动社会化,“这同样是富裕产生的效应之一”,促使了更多产业和就业岗位出现,但人们却需要学会为此在不同地点间奔波。

《开车心理学:为什么我们一开车就变了样?》这本书着眼于探讨交通行为以及背后的复杂心理。全书开篇就直接引入让很多人纳闷的问题:为何会有如此之多的司机(可能就是你、我、他、她),在驾车过程中显得严重暴躁,跟自己平时的行为甚至性格完全不同?

汤姆·范德比尔特认为,开车暴脾气相当常见,尤其是在陌生环境中(大城市的复杂道路交通体系内),这构建出一个类似网络聊天室的匿名环境,自私自利(例如最晚变道、插队变道而不是按照交通提示尽早变道)可以带来最大的搭便车效益,一般情况下却不会付出代价;脾气暴躁,容不得他人超车,却并不影响自己超车。

很多人都有过这样的开车体验:自己等候的车道,永远要比旁边车道行进得慢。这容易滋生出司机对靠前的车辆司机的不满,对于行驶在其他车道快速超过自己的司机也流露出负面情绪。事实上,根据心理学家的观测与分析,这种体验完全来源于心理错觉,也就是常见的排队错觉,在排队中,人的时间感、满足感、社会公正感都被打乱。人们会高估自己等待的时间,密切注意那些超车超过了自己的人,却不会将自己超车、快速通过路口所节省的时间以及不文明驾驶的行为挂在心上,使得不愉快的体验在很大程度上被放大。

有趣的是,几乎每个人都觉得自己的开车技术比别人好,虽然这显然不符合统计原理,但人们的逻辑常常是,自己的技术好,而其他很多人的技术糟的惊人(所以自己被拖累了)。书中解析指出,绝大多数人的开车技术都非常差,这主要是因为人们对于相互距离、行驶速度等的判断都是错的。

实际上,所谓的“老司机”,在开车时的大多数时间会进入一个潜意识主导的状态,许多人会在开车的同时接听电话或做别的事情,比如切换播放机的音乐,查看油耗,等等。按照心理学家的说法,这叫做“过度学习”,即通过专门的学习熟练掌握某项技能,因而在行使该技能时不必投入太多有意识的思考。这种情况下,很多司机在保持着表面上的“全神贯注”驾驶情况下,对于交通标识也没有做到尽收眼底。心理学家开展过的“看不见的大猩猩”测试,即常见的“非注意盲视”现象,就频繁地出现在驾车司机的身上。

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170907/31307697.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/03 17:18:02

Powered by China
China