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山河如万朵花开 山河传承人文印记
2017-09-07 09:02:22 中国青年网
《山河万朵:中国人文地脉》
(南方卷、北方卷)
白郎著
广西师范大学出版社
◎刘英团(书评人)
人文地脉是文化中国的一个载体和气场。正如随笔作家白郎所言:“对现代性的追寻让我们回到传统。”一尘举,世界起,一花开,大地收,在综罗百代与广博细微之间,中国那无比古老、硕大漫长的鲜活身影浮现在历史节点和经典细节之中。《山河万朵:中国人文地脉》(南方卷、北方卷)以“山河唤回昨日”开篇,直言“昨日是一面祖先的镜子,镜光射向明日,当我们凝视这镜光,可测试出今日的深浅”。然后,白郎又以清新的图像、丰富的历史资料及人文叙述,立体地展现了中国人文历史文化的根脉和深境。可以说,一书在手,足使人详览华夏历史文明之精要。
以“山河”传承“人文”印记。从地理的视角照观传统的人文历史,或者说,地理环境是中国文化延续发展的屏障。在《山河万朵:中国人文地脉》中,白郎化用了诸多典籍,其中既包括中国传统经典、民间传说、诗词、历史著作、地理著作,西方人论及中国的著作,人类学、社会学亦有涉及。与同类著作生硬的引用不同,白郎的切入很自然、很亲切。在论及中国传统时,白郎不但借用了伏尔泰的“研究成果”,还诙谐地说“孟德斯鸠觉得自己比较了解中国”。接下来,他又透过欧洲历史,认为“康德、谢林、亚当·斯密、威尔斯、托尔斯泰、沙畹、雅斯贝尔斯、弗赖、托尼、李约瑟等大哲都高度关注过将人与自然视为一体的中国人文精神”。
在人类文化形成和发展的漫长历程中,社会的进化与发展必然要受到自然条件的影响,也即人文地脉影响着人类生活和文化的形成。白郎认为,地理决定文化:若“按照自然地理,以秦岭—淮河一线为界;而(若)按照文化地理,(可沿袭)明清以来以长江为界”把中国的区域人文地理划分为南北两大块。在《山河万朵:中国人文地脉》这套书中,白郎即以长江为界勾画了一幅中国的人文地图:江南、湖湘、巴蜀、岭南、滇南、燕赵、齐鲁、西北、中原、秦中,等等。纵览全书,白郎所选取的区域,不但文化底蕴深厚,还曾深刻地影响过中国的历史进程,可谓“一幅文化中国的立体地图”。就人文传承而言,这幅地图不但是中国数千年历史的博弈与叠加的地层图,还将在新的历史时期起着特定的传承价值。
白郎的《山河万朵:中国人文地脉》,每章叙述详尽有致,亦有其概观与分叙。以《湖湘满地红》一章为例,其起手先写湖湘文化之源起,而后以“唯楚有才”引出“每一个社会时代都需要有自己的伟大人物”。透过人文地脉那阔大而丰腴的躯体,穿过深厚而古老的历史时空,中国人文地脉的醉人之处,就在于“山河如万朵花开”。
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