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欧盟认为非法移民潮得到有效控制 但仍需各方共同努力

2017-09-07 08:32:35   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 史靖洪):欧盟委员会6日表示,目前通过希腊和意大利进入欧洲的非法移民和难民人数显著减少,得到转移安置的难民人数持续增加,欧盟在应对非法移民潮方面已取得较大进展。同一天,欧洲法院驳回了匈牙利和斯洛伐克政府提起的诉讼,裁定欧盟2015年9月通过的难民分摊方案合法。这也从侧面反映出欧盟在难民安置方面仍面临不少挑战。

欧盟委员会主管移民、内部事务与公民事务的委员阿夫拉莫普洛斯当天向欧盟委员会汇报了欧盟在应对非法移民潮方面所取的进展。他在随后举行的新闻发布会上说:“移民问题仍然是当前欧盟及其公民面临的主要关切之一。但正如我们今天提交的报告所清楚表明的,现在和两年前的区别就像是夜晚和白天一样明显。”

阿夫拉莫普洛斯认为,欧盟在应对移民问题方面已经取得“巨大进步”,甚至“在过去两年中的进步可能比过去二十年的都要大”。他说,欧盟同时也正努力对移民问题和外部边界进行结构性管理,而不仅仅是应对危机。

欧盟委员会公布的文件显示,移民问题主要在四个方面取得进展。一是通过意大利和希腊抵达欧洲的非法移民和难民人数显著下降。今年8月抵达意大利的非法移民人数较去年同期下降了81%。在希腊,虽然今年夏天非法移民人数有所上升,但总体下降了97%。而这主要是得益于欧盟和土耳其去年6月达成的难民协议产生了积极效果。

二是在难民重新安置问题取得进展。阿夫拉莫普洛斯说:“事实上,从2015年7月以来,欧盟已经重新安置了22,500多名需要保护的难民,他们不仅来自土耳其,还来自黎巴嫩和约旦等国家。这与去年相比,安置人数大幅增加,显示出欧盟共同努力的价值和成功。”

三是欧盟在外部边境管控方面取得较大进展。“加强版”的欧洲边境和海岸警卫局于去年10月正式启动,已协助西班牙在地中海西部开展行动。与此同时,自今年初以来,已有8600多名在第三国非法滞留的移民被遣返。

四是欧盟与其它国家,如几内亚、冈比亚等非洲国家进行合作,采取措施遏制非法移民偷渡潮。目前,通过地中海中部线路进行偷渡的人数大幅度减少,死亡人数也出现下降。

虽然欧盟在应对非法移民潮方面取得较大进展,但仍然面临许多挑战,其中就有难民的重新安置问题。2015年9月,针对二战以后的最大难民危机,欧盟成员国内政部长通过了转移安置从意大利、希腊等国进入欧洲的12万难民的方案。再加上之前已经同意转移安置的4万名难民配额,欧盟计划在两年内转移安置16万难民。时至今日,两年的期限已近结束,但是实际得到安置的难民人数只占到计划人数的15%左右。

更令人担忧的是,难民重新安置计划导致欧盟内部出现裂痕,捷克、匈牙利和波兰一直拒绝参与这项计划。匈牙利和斯洛伐克政府此前还以难民分摊方案没有获得成员国一致通过,程序非法为由,向欧洲法院提起诉讼。欧委会则针对捷克、波兰和匈牙利启动了违约调查程序,并最终有可能对三国进行罚款。

值得注意的是,欧洲法院刚好于9月6日宣布驳回两国政府的诉讼状,裁定欧盟2015年9月通过的难民分摊方案合法。对此,阿夫拉莫普洛斯在新闻发布会上说:“根据这项裁决,欧洲法院确认欧洲的确出现了以难民突然涌入为特征的紧急情况;欧盟提出通过重新安置计划来应对这种情况是恰当的,它的意义在于帮助希腊和意大利应对难民危机所带来的影响。现在已经没有时间可以浪费了:所有成员国都应该集中精力履行重新安置义务。”

阿夫拉莫普洛斯还呼吁所有成员国继续共同努力,推进欧盟在难民问题方面所取得的进展,并确保各成员国之间公平分担责任。

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