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啥情况担保人可免责

2017-09-07 08:23:03   中国青年网

□本报记者周青莎本报通讯员高云鹏

在执行案件中,经常会有债务担保人对自己承担偿还义务不理解,担保人的责任越来越受到关注,为他人担保就需要承担一定的风险,但是是否存在担保人责任免除的情况,什么情况债务担保人可以免责?让郑州市高新区法院审监庭庭长彭磊来告诉你。

“在许多民间借贷案件中,都没有约定担保方式及担保期限,超过6个月即便债权人找不到债务人,也不能要求担保人还款,只能要求债务人承担责任。”彭磊法官说,根据我国《担保法》第25条规定:“一般保证的保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的,保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起六个月。”在合同约定的保证期间,债权人没有对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的,保证人可免除保证责任。郑州市高新区法院近日审理的一起案件就出现了这样的情形,债权人在借款时,要求附上担保人,其本意是当债务人无履行能力时,担保人能顶替。然而,他并没有注意到,担保也是有期限的。该案一审判决担保人免责。

彭磊法官提醒大家,根据《担保法》及相关司法解释之规定,以下几种情况,担保人是可免除担保责任的:

1.债权人知道或者应当知道债务人破产,既未申报债权也未通知保证人,致使保证人不能预先行使追偿权的,保证人在该债权在破产程序中可能受偿的范围内免除保证责任。

2.债权人与债务人协议变更主合同的,应当取得保证人书面同意,未经保证人书面同意的,保证人不再承担保证责任。保证合同另有约定的,按照约定。

3.主合同双方当事人协议以新贷偿还旧贷,除保证人知道或者应当知道的外,保证人不承担民事责任。但新贷与旧贷是同一保证人的除外。

4.保证期间,债权人许可债务人转让债务的,应当取得保证人书面同意,保证人对未经其同意转让的债务,不再承担保证责任。

5.在一般保证的情况下,保证期间届满,债权人未对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的,保证人免除保证责任。在连带责任保证的情况下,保证期间届满,债权人未要求保证人承担保证责任的,保证人免除保证责任。

6.主合同变更或者债权人将对外担保合同项下的权利转让,未经担保人同意和国家有关主管部门批准的,担保人不再承担担保责任。但法律、法规另有规定的除外。

7.一般保证的保证人在主债权履行期间届满后,向债权人提供了债务人可供执行财产的真实情况,债权人放弃或者怠于行使权利致使该财产不能被执行的,保证人可以请求人民法院在其提供可供执行财产的实际价值范围内免除其保证责任。⑤4

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