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小小工作室 解了大难题

2017-09-07 06:31:51   中国青年网

“曹伟粉尘防治工作室”里,年轻技术能手创新的16项成果,不仅破解了生产难题,还为企业安全生产、降本增效保驾护航

职工争当创新主角

“风巷气动报警系统”“水仓水位报警仪”“钻孔水循环装置”“自制PPR水幕”“高位注水孔”……这一项项创新技术,不仅破解了生产难题,还为企业安全生产、降本增效保驾护航。这些生产妙招不是来自高端实验室,而是出自同煤集团塔山煤矿“曹伟粉尘防治工作室”里年轻的一线技术能手。

8月29日,记者走进该工作室。“麻雀虽小,五脏俱全”是其写照,房间不大,摆满各种专业工具、材料,柜子里陈列着多样创新发明成果。曹伟,塔山矿技术标兵,拥有丰富创新研发经验。2015年,这位“技能高手”着手组建,工作室很快运转起来。

“此前,塔山矿部分职工有创新热情,但缺乏平台,不少构思难以实施。”工作室组建后,曹伟不再孤单。“工作室采用离线实验方式攻关,很多在连续生产作业线上无法进行检验的创新课题,可在工作室内演练,为职工创新技能提升了实训基地和平台,创新更‘接地气’。”下班后,年轻技术员少了打游戏、看电影的时间,大家挤在十余平方米的小房间里摆弄着各种工具,桌上的图纸划了又画,创新思维激烈碰撞。

塔山矿作为全国先进的现代化矿井,机械化程度高,产煤量大,生产过程中产生大量粉尘。粉尘与空气混合,形成可燃的混合气体,遇明火或高温物体极易发生爆炸,危及煤矿人员的生命安全及企业安危。防尘降尘,成为工作室首要课题。

防治粉尘探出新路

综合防尘治理是塔山矿多年来攻不下的难题。工作室技术员想到利用压力将水压入即将开采的煤层中,超前预湿煤体,从源头上控制粉尘浓度。煤层注水降尘机理主要体现在三方面:通过注水湿润煤体内部原生煤尘,使其失去飞扬能力,从根源上降尘;水体能有效包裹煤体的每一个微粒,预防浮游粉尘产生;注水使煤体的物理力学性质改变,煤体的塑性增强、脆弱性减弱,降低煤尘产量。

工作室团队以8106工作面为研究对象。该工作面煤层稳定,结构复杂,采用以煤体注水为主、喷雾降尘为辅的防尘技术手段。煤体注水初期采用动静结合、高低配合、长短交错的注水孔布置方式。但经过现场观察和论证,因低位孔受钻杆自然下垂影响,加之工作面煤层厚,注水起不到润湿大部分煤体的作用。通过长时间现场试验及论证,改用高位注水孔布置方式,进行双向注水,多孔交替,并采用支架随动喷雾系统,实现降柱、移架、放煤同时喷雾。此举取得较好降尘效果。

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