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恐袭不断 萨赫勒五国联合反恐任重道远

2017-09-07 06:01:36   中国青年网

近日,联合国负责维和事务的助理秘书长卡西姆·韦恩在安理会表示,萨赫勒五国集团组建联合部队的关键步骤已经完成。据悉,萨赫勒五国联合部队的战略框架已经得到萨赫勒五国集团国防委员会、非盟和安理会的授权和批准,总部将设在马里的塞瓦雷,8月底正式运行。联合部队将于10月开始在沿马里与尼日尔和布基纳法索的边界区域执行跨境任务,待毛里塔尼亚和乍得的部队于明年春具备行动能力后,再加强五国之间的双边与多边合作。

联合国此举既是对近日发生在布基纳法索首都瓦加杜古的恐怖袭击事件做出的积极回应,更折射出当前萨赫勒地区安全与稳定所面临的严峻形势。

萨赫勒地区位于非洲北部撒哈拉沙漠和中部苏丹草原地区之间,宽320公里至480公里,横跨塞内加尔、毛里塔尼亚、马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔等国。近年来,该地区饱受贫困、武装冲突和自然灾害的困扰,已成为恐怖主义滋生和发展的高危地带。

2011年利比亚战争结束后,受雇于卡扎菲政府的图阿雷格武装人员返回马里,直接导致萨赫勒地区的武装冲突迅速升级。作为曾经的宗主国,法国将非洲视为自家后院,认为对该地区的社会、政治、经济发展负有重要责任。早在2012年11月马里危机伊始,法国国防部长勒德里昂就警告,如果法国和欧盟不采取行动的话,非洲萨赫勒地区的极端势力将威胁法国与欧盟其他国家的安全。

2013年年初,法军发起 “薮猫行动”,帮助马里政府军迅速收复了失地。法国出兵马里,虽在短时间内沉重打击了马里北部极端势力,但善打沙漠游击战的恐怖组织化整为零,以马里为中心向周边国家扩散和渗透,先后在阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、布基纳法索、科特迪瓦等周边国家制造了多起针对平民的恐怖袭击,造成大量人员伤亡。

为共同应对萨赫勒地区日益严峻的安全形势,2014年2月,马里、毛里塔尼亚、布基纳法索、尼日尔和乍得五国在毛里塔尼亚首都努瓦克肖特举行元首峰会,决定成立萨赫勒五国集团,将加强地区安全与反恐合作作为主要目标。

法国作为萨赫勒五国集团的重要反恐伙伴,在五国联合部队的组建方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。2014年8月,法军基于在马里北部的反恐成果,开始在撒哈拉-萨赫勒地区启动“新月形沙丘行动”,通过调整兵力部署来强化与萨赫勒五国的军事合作。

在法国的支持下,今年2月萨赫勒五国集团决定成立由5000人组成的联合部队,共同打击萨赫勒地区日益严峻的恐怖主义活动。7月2日,在马里首都巴马科举行的萨赫勒五国集团特别峰会上,法国总统马克龙表示将为萨赫勒五国联合部队提供约800万欧元的70辆作战车辆及通讯和单兵装备。在法国的积极外交斡旋下,目前启动五国联合部队所需4.23亿欧元预算的25%已经到位,其中萨赫勒五国各出资1000万欧元、欧盟提供5000万欧元、法国提供800万欧元。

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