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为什么要把家庭教育写入民法典

2017-09-07 04:16:51   中国青年网

【法学苑】

【编者按】

不久前,一对中国夫妻带着自己6岁的儿子前往美国洛杉矶度假。在飞机上,孩子对邻座青年的骚扰一刻都没有停止过。在忍耐了3个小时、礼貌地请求孩子父亲管教一下孩子无果后,青年终于忍无可忍,大骂了孩子的家长。孩子父亲恼羞成怒,与青年大打出手,最终导致一家三口被美国海关禁止入境。实际上,近段时间以来,“熊孩子”在公众场合吵闹,父母不予以阻止导致路人出手“教育”孩子的新闻,频频见诸报端,凸显了家庭教育的缺失。目前,民法典的亲属编正在抓紧编纂中,中国社会科学院法学研究所性别与法律中心主任薛宁兰提出,将家庭教育写入民法典,刻不容缓。

党的十八届四中全会提出编纂民法典的历史任务。婚姻法、收养法、继承法等现行民事法律经科学整理、修改完善后,将成为我国民法分则的有机组成部分。随着民法总则的颁布,调整自然人之间婚姻关系、亲子关系等近亲属关系的亲属编立法编纂已经展开。回归民法后的亲属编既要与总则相呼应,又要对婚姻家庭领域的特殊问题予以规范,家庭教育便是其中不应缺少的重要内容。

从私法层面推进家庭教育立法刻不容缓

家庭是人生的第一所学校。在现代国民教育和终身教育体系中,家庭教育与学校教育、社会教育是并驾齐驱的“三驾马车”。然而,家庭教育不同于学校教育和社会教育,有其特殊性:首先,它是如何做人的教育,核心在于立德树人;其次,它是终身教育,无阶段性;再者,它是私人教育,主要由父母等近亲属实施。家庭教育因此具有重要地位,是一切教育的基础。

家庭教育本身是一个涵盖面广泛的概念,它是为提升家庭成员素养、实现家庭功能而开展的各种教育活动。其内容包括伦理道德教育、健康教育、学习教育、资源与管理教育等;其外延包括亲职教育、子职教育,以及性别和婚姻教育等。民法亲属编关于家庭教育的规范,侧重在父母或其他监护人对未成年人履行监护责任时如何开展此项教育。

近年来,党和国家高度重视家庭建设。家庭建设成为新时期治国理政理念、思想、战略的重要组成部分。家庭建设的核心是家风,树立良好家风的基础在于家教。并且,家庭教育的目标不只关乎儿童健康成长与家庭福祉,也关乎为国家经济社会发展与文明进步提供合格的高素质人力资源。

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