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中国生态保卫战:可可西里的前世今生

2017-09-06 14:56:50   央广网

中新社北京9月5日电 (夏宾)把车停泊在4768米的昆仑山口,移步来到环保卫士杰桑·索南达杰的纪念碑前,可可西里卓乃湖保护站站长秋培扎西脱帽致礼,他每次路过这里都要与为保护可可西里献出生命的舅舅“打个招呼”,“我希望舅舅知道,可可西里的藏羚羊多了起来,盗猎盗采的人被赶走了,他的付出现在有了回报。”

可可西里位于青海省玉树藏族自治州西部,在蒙语里意为“美丽的少女”。人们用万山之祖、千湖之地、动物王国、人间净土来形容可可西里,这里是中国生态资源的宝库,也是保持原始状态最完整的无人区。

“在可可西里,你踩下的每一个脚印,有可能是地球诞生以来人类留下的第一个脚印。”曾有地质学者如此形容可可西里,它脆弱的高寒荒漠和高原湿地生态系统容不得一丝破坏,上世纪90年代至今,中国在可可西里打响了一场生态“保卫战”,“美丽的少女”经历了重生。

把时光拉回到二三十年前,利欲熏心的不法分子闻着铜臭味闯入了可可西里。采金的人将可可西里大地下的矿藏偷走,留下满目疮痍;盗猎的人将藏羚羊残忍杀害,以皮绒换黑心钱;捞卤虫的人将手伸进了盐湖,造成疤痕累累。

“刚开始到可可西里做巡山的时候,盗猎者非常猖獗,我们看到成片的藏羚羊尸体。”可可西里不冻泉派出所所长詹江龙攥着拳头,回忆起当年场景。

“现在可可西里腹地还能看到碉堡,以前盗采的人互相之间斗来斗去,杀戮和滥采滥挖现象非常严重。”秋培扎西小时候就跟过父亲去巡山,现在想起所见之景仍触目惊心。

彼时,可可西里遇上生态危机。可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局局长布周告诉中新社记者,曾经大量盗猎盗采的人给可可西里脆弱的生态环境和野生动物造成了严重伤害,藏羚羊的数量当时锐减至不到2万,若不加保护,整个可可西里会遭受灭顶之灾。

好在,1992年,时任可可西里所在的治多县县委副书记的索南达杰组建巡山队,向盗猎盗采分子“宣战”。

不幸的是,1994年1月18日,索南达杰在可可西里太阳湖畔与盗猎分子的对峙中牺牲,让他献出生命的是那20名盗猎分子想要带走的1800多张藏羚羊皮。

幸运的是,索南达杰的精神并未离开,索南达杰的意志代代流传,索南达杰的“继承者们”前赴后继保护可可西里。

1996年,青海省成立可可西里省级自然保护区,次年升级成国家级自然保护区,并先后设立5个保护站,继续打击盗猎盗采者。

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