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八个变形字与“错别字”组成一首诗 太白岩上藏着千古诗谜

2017-09-06 08:27:16   中国青年网

诗谜碑。

万州太白岩上,有自东晋至民国的50余处摩崖石刻,包括历代文人的大量诗作。这些崖壁上的诗或写景或抒情,唯独有一首诗让人完全摸不着头脑,甚至连读都读不通——这首诗只有八个字,它们不是变形字就是“错别字”,而字与字之间看似没有任何关系。

400多年来,无数人对它揣测猜想,试图寻找最合理的解释。它,就是太白岩上的“诗谜碑”。

石碑上的奇怪汉字

爬上太白岩中段,在李白雕像背后的石龛前,人们往往会停下脚步。石龛右侧,放置着一个不起眼的方形石碑。石碑长约二米,宽约一米,上面横排两列,歪歪斜斜地刻着八个字。

让人费解的是,这八个字看起来无法连成词句,且字体大小不一。其中,“竹”“岩”“夜”“有”四个字已严重变形,比如“夜”字被上下拉长,而“岩”字则是整个字往右转了90度。剩下的四个字则每个字都少了些笔划,像是错别字。

“千万别小看这八个字,每个字都含暗藏玄机。”指着石碑,万州区博物馆副馆长颜泽林笑着说。

这八个看上去毫不相干的字真的就是一首诗吗?

中国社会科学院文学研究所研究员邓绍基曾到过太白岩,他认为,这块石碑实际上就是“神智体”诗碑。

何为“神智体”?这是一种近乎谜语的诗体,因为能启人神智,故称“神智体”。“神智体”的主要特征正是字形的变化,靠字形大小、粗细、缺笔、颠倒等“以形见义”。

“神智体”相传为苏轼首作,其诗名为《晚眺诗》。诗中首句只有“亭”“景”“画”三字。其中,“亭”字细长,意为“长亭”;“景”字短小,意为“短景”;“画”字里缺少两笔意为“无人画”,这三个字连起来的意思正是诗歌的首句:“长亭短景无人画。”

对“诗谜碑”的解释莫衷一是

那么,太白岩上的“诗谜碑”到底是写的一首什么诗呢?

颜泽林说,石碑的落款为“嘉靖癸亥孟秋之吉”,证明这是明代嘉靖年间留下的石碑。400多年来,无人能准确破译。不过,在万州流传得最广的说法是,这是一首五言绝句,全诗为:小竹栽横岩,空亭门半开。夜长无一事,偏有一人来。

这种猜测从何而来?

颜泽林介绍,石碑上的字从右到左,上下两字含有一句诗。比如右边第一个字“竹”字写得很小,意思是“小竹”,“岩”字横着写,意思是“横岩”。这两个字构成诗的第一句:“小竹栽横岩”。接下来的“亭”字,缺了两划,意思为“空亭”,“門”字缺了半边,意思是“门半开”。这又构成诗的第二句:“空亭门半开”。

记者查阅相关资料,发现对“诗谜碑”的破解莫衷一是,比如,邓绍基就认为,诗的首句不是“小竹栽横岩”而是“小竹横岩上”,也有民间学者认为,这句诗是“小竹横岩外”。

“其实,‘诗谜碑’并没有一种标准的解释。” 颜泽林说,诗的作者是谁?是谁刻于石碑之上?写的究竟是什么?没人能说得清楚。“但启迪人的智慧,让后人在猜测的乐趣中找到与古诗的连接点,这也许正是‘诗谜碑’的魅力所在。”

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