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央企重组从分到合:总数已减半 更注重重组效果

2017-09-05 10:06:44   中国经济网

时代周报记者 陈泽秀 发自广州

8月28日,国务院国资委网站发布消息称,经报国务院批准,中国国电集团公司与神华集团有限责任公司合并重组为国家能源投资集团有限责任公司。

这是今年6月以来,国资委宣布的央企兼并重组“第三单”,经过此次重组,目前国资委直接监管的企业(央企),从2003年国资委成立之初的196家大幅缩减至98家—从数量上看,央企已经减半。

“总体上不设时间表和数字目标,成熟一户、推进一户。”8月30日,国资委企业改革局局长白英姿在媒体通气会上表示,十八大以来,先后有18组34户央企实施了重组。下一阶段央企重组将按照供给侧结构性改革及“一带一路”倡议的总体需求,因时因企采取不同的方式进一步推进。

1997年,国有企业经营困难,出现了大面积的亏损,并进入了“三年脱困”时期。当时国有企业改革出现了“拆分”的思路,譬如电信业拆分、国家电力公司拆分等。2003年国务院国资委成立后,提出了做大做强国有企业的目标,国企重组由“拆分”又走向了“合并”。

“不同时期,面临的问题不一样,采取的手段不一样。不过,改革的目的都是打造更强、更有效率的国有企业。”对外经贸大学公共管理学教授李长安对时代周报记者表示。

作为国有企业的重中之重,央企20年间的“分与合”背后,面临的是哪些问题?改革的逻辑是什么?本轮重组中,央企的目的和使命是什么?

合并提高国际竞争力

2012年下半年,中国北车与七八家公司在竞标阿根廷动车订单时,报出了239万美元/辆的报价,中国南车却突然介入,最终以127万美元/辆的低价拿下了订单。此前,阿根廷一直是中国北车的市场。

中国北车向中国机电商会状告中国南车恶意竞争,认为此举降低了阿根廷对中国轨道交通装备价格的信任。事实上,中国企业在“走出去”的过程中,此类恶性竞争并不罕见。在国际市场上,中国企业因规模小而缺少话语权的事情也曾出现。

这也是央企此轮重组合并的主要背景之一。

为了增强国际竞争力,减少两败俱伤的局面,2015年8月,分拆了15年之后,南北车又走到了一起,重组为中国中车。重组前,两家公司在业务上高度重合,曾是世界前两大高铁制造商。

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