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从只有74株到人工繁育移植成功 “峨眉圣花”绝地重生

2017-09-05 07:26:42   中国青年网

峨眉拟单性木兰花朵。 (省林业厅供图)

看点

9月1日,成都植物园。丛林深处,最不起眼的50株树苗,只有一米高,但却是这里的镇园之宝。它是一度差点灭绝的峨眉拟单性木兰,是峨眉山独有物种,被称为“峨眉圣花”。

2014年,四川启动极小种群拯救与保护,峨眉拟单性木兰位列14个极小种群名单第一位。三年过去,“峨眉圣花”突破了人工繁育的难关,并走进成都。

□本报记者 王成栋

过往

发现不到80年

但却一半时间“隐身”

根据成都植物园的规划,如果一切顺利,峨眉拟单性木兰有可能会成为成都市的绿化树种和行道树。

80年前,它还不为人知。1940年,著名植物学家郑万均在对峨眉山的野外考察中,偶然记录到峨眉拟单性木兰的踪迹。但此后的40多年里,科研人员却再也没有找到它的身影。

“学术界认为,一个物种长时间‘隐身’,那可能就消失了。”省林业厅野保处处长王鸿加说。

灭绝的论断不是没有依据。根据郑万均的记载,峨眉拟单性木兰系峨眉山的特有物种,它的生长区域在海拔1200米——1500米之间,属常绿乔木。它的花是乳白色,果子呈现红色。但是,它结出的果实并不会大规模扩散,而只是在已有种群周边缓慢更新换代。

“峨眉圣花”究竟是否还存在?根据已有的资料,省自然资源科学院、省林业厅的技术人员重新确定搜寻区域。1987年,峨眉山生物资源实验站的一位技术人员走到一处悬崖边时,意外发现了一株峨眉拟单性木兰两性花个体。此后,工作人员又在峨眉山其它区域陆续搜到峨眉山拟单性木兰的种群。

至2012年,在峨眉山上,技术人员累计找到74株峨眉拟单性木兰,全部位于悬崖峭壁上。至此,消失47年后,“峨眉圣花”再次被人熟知。

拯救

爬百米悬崖采种

野生种群恢复起步

野生种群只有74株,这在植物学届,这意味着它处于极度濒危状态,距离彻底消亡只有一步之遥。自1987年以来,峨眉拟单性木兰一直被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列入极危红色名录中。

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