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疑似570万年前人类足迹被发现

2017-09-05 06:36:42   中国青年网

研究人员在希腊克里特岛发现了距今约570万年的疑似人类足迹化石。

据新华社北京9月4日电

西媒称,我们人类的起源问题变得更加复杂了。近日,研究人员在希腊克里特岛发现了一些距今约570万年的疑似人类足迹化石。这些神秘的脚印很有可能颠覆现有的早期人类进化理论。因为根据现有理论,570万年前的人类祖先应该生活在非洲大陆,而且其足迹应该与猿猴的足迹非常相似。

据西班牙《阿贝赛报》网站9月2日报道,自从20世纪在非洲南部和东部发现南方古猿化石以来,人们一直认为人类起源于非洲。在同一地区发现的其他一些化石,包括在坦桑尼亚发现的370万年前的脚印化石,都强化了人类起源于非洲的这一观点。而且研究界普遍认为,在早期人类到达欧洲和亚洲之前的数百万年中,其生活范围仅限于非洲大陆。

因此,研究人员在克里特岛发现距今约570万年的疑似人类足迹化石,与现有的早期人类进化理论发生了“正面冲突”,并使得这一问题复杂化。

事实上,这些足迹化石最早于2002年被波兰古生物学家格拉尔德·吉尔林斯基发现,但直到2010年才被深入研究。日前,瑞典乌普萨拉大学教授佩尔·阿尔贝里重新对这些化石展开研究,才得出了上述惊人的发现。

这些足迹化石有着与人类脚掌类似的形态特征。人类脚掌的形状很特殊:较长的足底、5个没有爪尖且向前伸展的较短脚趾以及明显比其他脚趾更粗大的大脚趾。我们的近亲猿类的脚掌形态看起来更像人类的手掌。

在坦桑尼亚发现的脚印化石被认为是南方古猿留下的。它与现代人类的足迹非常相似,只是脚跟部较窄,而且没有形成足弓。相比之下,出自埃塞俄比亚的440万年前的更古老化石具有类似猿猴的脚掌,这种生物被认为是人类的直接祖先,只不过当时其脚掌还没有进化成现在的样子。

在克里特岛西部发现的这些新脚印具备一种明显与现代人类类似的特征——拇指球。到目前为止,拇指球仍是人类专属的特征,尚未在猿类或其他动物身上发现这一特征。

这些化石发现于一种沉积岩中。研究显示,这种沉积岩于560万年前地中海短暂干涸时形成。再结合基于海洋古生物化石的断代方法,可确定这些足迹约有570万年的历史。研究人员指出,在这一时期中,早期人类可能生活在非洲和欧洲东南部。

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