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一条街道233人管不好共享单车乱停放

2017-09-05 06:31:55   中国青年网

自共享单车红火以来,街头管理难题一直备受关注。上海交通大学王哲、中国科学院大学陈晶睿和山西大学蒋超群花了1个月时间调研了上海淮海中路街道的共享单车治理情况:在这条总地域面积为1.41平方公里的区域内,有61名交通管理和协管人员、65名小区办公楼物业管理人员、28名各共享单车企业运维人员共233人在管理,这还不算非全职的近480名志愿者,但仍然难以管理共享单车严重的乱停放问题。

淮海中路街道是上海市高档商务楼宇最为集中的区域,已入驻的共享单车企业有ofo、摩拜、享骑、小蓝单车等,随意停放共享单车的问题也很严重。团队发现,有一些用户为图省事,将单车就近停,全然不顾其他行人和车辆的方便和安全;有一些人行横道上下口被随意停放的共享单车堵得水泄不通,行人根本无路可走;一些地铁出站口原本就人流量大,一排排的共享单车停靠在最靠近地铁口的位置,方便了部分用户,却给其他人带来了麻烦。

团队对路人进行了随机调查,调研结果显示,39.07%的用户在使用完共享单车之后就近停车,27.66%的用户会视情况而定,按规定停放在自行车停车点的只占33.27%。由此可见,随意停放共享单车的现象较为普遍。

在政府职能部门里,城市管理行政执法局和建设和管理委员会主要通过监管、协调、规整、执法的手段管理共享单车,他们可以协调政府、行业协会和共享单车企业管理共享单车,并强制管理共享单车;街道办事处通过宣传、网络化联动、购买非机动车管理队伍的服务管理共享单车。

共享单车企业通过运维人员、大数据等各种手段规范共享单车停放问题。

以共享单车企业的运维人员为例,王哲通过调查了解到,他们多是兼职,工作时间大概是6:30~11:00和13:00~17:00,一个地铁口有三四个出口,每个出口每家公司投放人员三到四名,ofo和摩拜加起来有七八名运维人员。“因为人数本来就不多,所以他们没什么理由来消极怠工,而且我们发现一些平台有监督机制用于保证他们工作”。

然而,团队经过实际调查判断这些运维人员的数量并不够,总体来说工作过于繁忙,一些地铁口到高峰期时车流量很大,工作人员难以协调。“我们经常听见一些运维人员向我们抱怨很累,每天都要搬几百辆车,身体都有些撑不住了”。

不仅如此,团队在调研中也发现了共享单车的一些其他停放现象——“潮汐效应”:公交站点、地铁口、写字楼等区域上班期间被共享单车包围,下班后又全部被骑走,出现共享单车堆积;“堰塞湖效应”:在景点密集、轨交站点集中、商业载体地区形成单车堆积,骑进来的多,骑出去的少;“蝴蝶效应”:停放共享单车的时候具有随意性和从众性;“马太效应”:用户在自行车停放较多的地方优先停放,导致这些地方的车越来越多。

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