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孩子做手术需要麻醉家长们的担心真不少

2017-09-05 06:21:41   中国青年网

人们常说:外科医生治病,麻醉医生保命。对处于麻醉状态下的病人来说,麻醉医生就是忠诚的“守护者”,这其中,当然也包括部分需要做手术的孩子。虽然,麻醉已经是手术中重要的环节之一,但对很多人来说,依然有些陌生和疑惑,尤其是对孩子麻醉,有的家长甚至是恐惧的,每次手术前,麻醉医生都会为家长们反复讲解。但据大连市儿童医院麻醉科主治医师吕微说,在解答的过程,还是会发现很多家长对麻醉仍然存在着一定的误区。

麻醉医生的

工作流程

吕微说,其实,在患儿进入手术室前,麻醉医生的工作就已经开始了。首先,会与外科医生了解患儿的病情,并作出术前评估,制定完善的麻醉方案和术中应急方案。从进入手术室的一刻开始,麻醉医生自始自终都会陪伴在患儿身边,会让孩子进入一种“无痛的深睡状态”,同时监护患儿的生命体征(如心率、血压和血氧饱和度等),如果出现突发情况,麻醉医生就会准确判断,果断采取措施加以处理。手术结束后,麻醉医生要在麻醉恢复室中及时将患儿“唤醒”。此外,术后患儿的止疼治疗也属麻醉医生工作职责。

为啥有的手术需全身麻醉

在与家长交流的过程中,医生经常可以听到“可不可以给孩子使用局麻半麻”这样的问题。虽然局部麻醉是一种麻醉方法,但对于患儿来说,全身麻醉是最常用的麻醉方法。

首先,从患儿的心理方面来说,这是非常重要的。成年人局部麻醉后,对手术的整个过程,心理也许是能够承受的,但对患儿来说,尤其是身处陌生环境的患儿,一旦整个过程患儿清醒,会对他们的心灵造成一定的创伤,如果过程中哭闹,会为手术带来一定的安全隐患。其次,从手术本身来说,有些手术必须要在全麻下完成。小儿麻醉的常用药物都具有起效快、作用时间短、可控性好、效果佳等特点。麻醉理论的日臻完善、麻醉设备的日益更新和麻醉药物的日新月异,都为小儿麻醉的安全提供了强大的技术保障。

麻醉会让孩子变笨吗

吕微说,有许多家长会有这方面的担心,但目前没有证据表明,患儿全身麻醉后的智力会较麻醉前下降。小儿麻醉学诞生于上世纪五六十年代,经过发展,已形成一套较为完整的理论体系和用药规范。

儿童更不是成人的缩影,小儿的麻醉和成年人的麻醉有着很大的区别。每个年龄段的孩子都具有自己独特的生理特点。一个有经验的小儿麻醉医生是整个麻醉乃至手术成功的关键。小儿麻醉医生都会认真选择好适应症和掌握好药物剂量,不仅能保证手术顺利,平稳,而且能为患儿提供良好的手术后的镇痛,使患儿能够顺利度过手术期。

麻醉药物有副作用吗

很多家长担心镇痛药具有副作用,甚至会认为使用镇痛药会影响切口的生长,拒绝给孩子进行术后镇痛治疗。其实,这是家长的认识误区,要知道,术后的疼痛可能会让患儿血压升高、心跳加速、哭闹不休、不吃不喝、在床上翻来覆去无法入睡,严重的甚至影响心理。使用适量的镇痛药物,患儿的各种不适会得到有效改善。同时,从某种意义上来说,术后镇痛是有利于患儿康复的。因此,有专业小儿麻醉医生的保驾护航,小儿全身麻醉是安全的,请家长们不必过度担心。

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