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龋齿,并非孩子的“专利”

2017-09-05 05:31:49   中国青年网

提起龋齿,很多人下意识都会说:“那是孩子的牙病。”其实,不仅仅是孩子,成人也会患龋齿。

“龋齿是一种由口腔多种因素作用导致牙齿硬组织出现进行性损伤,是世界卫生组织重点防治的三大非传染性疾病之一。”省人民医院口腔修复科副主任医师李红燕说,发现龋齿后应尽早修补龋洞。因为龋洞经过修补后,可以阻止龋病的发展,及早恢复牙齿的功能,保持牙列的完整。否则,除了影响进食外,还会影响孩子颌面部生长发育,甚至造成一边脸大一边脸小。更危险的是,龋齿内有大量的细菌及脓液,为一潜在的病灶,当机体抵抗力下降时,可能会引起心肌炎、败血病或菌血症。

龋齿的高发人群为婴幼儿和儿童。统计资料显示,我国儿童的龋齿患病率高达60%~80%。李红燕解释说,牙齿从萌出就有患龋的可能性,婴幼儿饮食比较单一,奶液更容易滞留在口腔内,细菌分解产物酸腐牙齿,乳牙刚萌出,矿化程度低,龋齿发展迅速。

“3岁是乳牙龋坏的高峰期,建议家长在孩子6个月时就帮其刷牙。”李红燕说,预防龋齿要做到每天刷牙、定期涂氟、定期检查和窝沟封闭。

除了婴幼儿和儿童外,成人也会患龋齿。李红燕说,孕期及哺乳期女性,孕吐、产后等特殊时期牙齿清洁不及时,造成牙周炎症及龋齿。因此,备孕期要对牙齿进行全面体检,排除牙齿疾病隐患。

“此外,在面、颈部接受放疗的患者及其他原因引起唾液分泌减少的患者,缺少唾液的冲刷、自洁,也会出现龋齿。”李红燕说,这种情况下,龋齿发展迅猛,且常累及多数牙齿,成为猛发性龋病。对于这些患急性龋病以及猛发性龋病的患者,更应尽早补牙,以阻止龋病的快速发展。

本报记者 张婷

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