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成功试采可燃冰 中国技术不一般(中国这五年的世界之最⑥)

2017-09-05 04:16:42   中国青年网

今年7月29日,由国土资源部中国地质调查局组织实施的南海神狐海域可燃冰试采工程,全面完成了海上作业,标志着我国首次海域可燃冰试采圆满结束。

可燃冰,学名天然气水合物,是由水和天然气在高压低温条件下,混合而成的类冰状结晶物质,具有高效清洁、储量巨大的特点,被国际公认为石油、天然气的接替能源。可燃冰中包含大量甲烷水合物,倘若技术不到位,则很容易在开采过程中导致甲烷泄露,引起环境问题。中国成功试采可燃冰,实现了多个创举。

这是世界上首次成功实现资源量占全球90%以上、开发难度最大的泥质粉砂型天然气水合物安全可控开采。泥质粉砂型储层,具有特低孔隙度、特低渗透率等特点,加上深水区浅部地层松软,极易垮塌,钻探风险很高,加大了开采难度。 此次海上试采运用了地层流体抽取法,有效解决了储层流体控制与可燃冰稳定持续分解的难题。通过这次试采,我国实现了可燃冰全流程试采核心技术的重大突破,很多技术都超出了石油工业的防砂极限。

另外,试采使用的是我国最新研制成功的世界最大、钻井深度最深的海上钻井平台“蓝鲸一号”。这个由山东烟台企业自主设计建造,净重超过4.3万吨,堪比37层楼高的庞然大物,今年2月刚“诞生”,就从烟台起航,于3月28日抵达神狐海域实施试采。“蓝鲸一号”是目前全球最先进的双井架半潜式钻井平台,可适用于全球任何深海作业。

中国能安全无泄漏地开采可燃冰,也是全球可燃冰应用中的一大创举。为保证生态环境安全,2011年6月至2017年3月,南海水合物环评项目组在神狐水合物区,先后共组织了10个航次的野外调查工作,基本查明了其海洋环境特征,并发展了一系列我国自主知识产权的水合物环境评价技术。在试采过程中,一方面注重从工程设计上避免污染环境,另一方面则通过布设海底地形、气体渗漏等监测设备,构建了海水—海底—井下的一体化环境安全监测体系,实现对温度、压力、甲烷浓度及海底稳定性参数的实时、全过程监测。闭井后,监测结果显示,试采未对周边大气和海洋环境造成影响,整个过程安全、友好、可控、环保。

此次试采还创造了产气时长和总量的世界纪录。试采连续试气点火60天,累计产气30.9万立方米,平均日产5151立方米,甲烷含量最高达99.5%,获取科学试验数据647万组,为后续的科学研究积累了大量翔实可靠的数据资料。

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