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章莹颖失踪案警示录:美警方支招如何应对绑架

2017-09-04 10:55:57   中国青年网

中新网9月4日电 美国《世界日报》刊文称,美国香槟伊利诺伊大学中国访问学者章莹颖从6月9日失踪至今已两个多月,牵挂她的亲朋还有众多华人组织依然在全力协助搜寻。校警、州警、联邦警察都投入大量人力在此案上。目前,警方和民间仍悬赏任何能找到失踪者的有用信息。关于被绑架后该如何应对,警界普遍的指导一般有:尽量保持冷静,在被运输的时候留心路线,记下路标。

章莹颖最后被看到上了这辆小型黑色轿车。(美警方公布录像)

有效失踪案 每年近10万例

章莹颖引起了非常广泛的关注,不单单归功于华人小区的宣传努力,也因有伊利诺伊大学的校方空前重视。就绑架案来说,联邦调查局的介入往往是因受害者非常年幼或者该绑架行为涉及跨州,还有就是威胁到国家安全。在FBI官网可看到,章莹颖案是今年绑架案里最新的一起。

据统计,在美国,每年上报的失踪人数超过60万,去掉错误报告或找到失踪人员包括该人员自行返回,最后有效失踪案例也高达每年近10万例,在警力资源有限的情况下,FBI是不太会介入普通失踪案,除非有理由相信该人员失踪与绑架谋杀等严重刑事犯罪相关。从这点来看,当时校方官网里仍将该案归类为“失踪人员”,提到不排除绑架或其他可能,就是考虑到了该案有绑架甚至更糟糕的刑事犯罪预期。

关于绑架罪,在伊利诺伊州有普通绑架和加重绑架罪(相对于有些其他州里的二级和一级绑架罪)。非法拘禁如果是秘密进行,就属于绑架罪。如果为了赎金绑架,或在绑架过程中造成了伤害、或使用了武器、或绑架了13岁以下儿童或智障人士,就属于加重绑架罪,量刑时要比普通绑架罪自动加刑至少15年以上。

资料图:涉嫌绑架中国访问学者章莹颖的美国嫌犯克里斯滕森。

针对绑架罪,联邦法律会比较关注跨州绑架。在被绑架24小时后法院可以假设受害者已被带到了外州,于是联邦法律也就适用了。

值得一提的是,联邦绑架罪的设立是因为一起著名绑架案。在1932年,美国飞行英雄林德伯格(Charles A. Lindbergh,又译林白)的20个月大婴儿被绑架,交付赎金后两个月找到了婴儿的遗体,胡佛总统下令动用了10万警员搜寻无果,两年后才通过跟踪赎金抓到罪犯送上电椅。之后通过设立联邦绑架罪来针对跨州绑架案,也叫林德伯格法。

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