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真正要学的是文明和教养

2017-09-04 08:20:58   中国青年网

解放周一:暑期游学、夏令营热其实由来已久,为什么这两年引发的讨论更加热烈?

杨雄(上海社科院社会学所所长、青少年研究所所长):最主要的是家长教育观念的变迁。过去“50后”、“60后”当家长,所面临的社会竞争压力没有现在这么大,工作是分配的,彼此的家庭条件也差不多,培养子女并不用特别费力,也就不太会过多关注游学、夏令营。

而现在的家长大多是“70后”、“80后”,他们的成长本身就经历了高考升学的竞争,再加上不少人都出国或留学过,教育观念逐渐和国际接轨,让孩子在课外参与游学、夏令营之类的实践活动,在他们看来十分必要。

解放周一:游学的名目越来越多,费用也越来越高。有人说,这已经成了一种“教育投资”,甚至是“教育攀比”。

杨雄:是的。教育竞争的压力往往会折射到教育消费上。上一辈父母成长在计划经济时代,花钱是算着花的;但这一代父母信奉的是教育作为一项产业,也讲究投资和回报,所以“咬咬牙”就往里投钱了。

随着微博、微信以及各种信息对人们日常生活的“侵入”,信息传播的速度和力度空前。家长们在一起交流心得时,难免会有观念的同化和影响,一定程度上也助长了攀比的“苗头”。

解放周一:相比于国内的活动,海外游学、夏令营似乎“吃香”得多,一些打着“贵族公学体验”和“国外名师交流”旗号的项目尤其火爆,这是为什么?

杨雄:从文化社会学的角度,可以用高势能文化对低势能文化的作用来解释。在过去较长的一段时间里,我们的社会舆论总有这样一种倾向,认为西方文化代表着先进文化,也就是高势能的文化,而我们本土的文化就相对落后,是低势能文化。

因此,在拉力的作用下,去西方国家游学、参加夏令营,学习他们的文化、教育理念和生活方式就被包装成一个有面子、流行的事情,在市场上呈现出了热潮。

解放周一:但是,一部分游学、夏令营只是摸到了贵族气质的“皮毛”,忽略了精神内涵。

杨雄:的确如此。真正的贵族气质不是几天能够学出来的,只学会拿刀叉、说外语、买国际名牌,这些都没有接触到本质,真正需要学习的是人的文明和教养,是对他人的尊重、对父母的感恩和对天地的敬畏。很可惜的是,现在的一些家长觉得这些教育可以“慢慢来”,甚至不去培养。

解放周一:也有一些夏令营扎根本土,通过对我们自己的历史文化的挖掘,让孩子了解老一辈人的爱国情怀和奉献精神。

杨雄:对,不能光往西方看,我们还应该往西部看。组织考察国情、游览红色景点的线路对开阔孩子眼界,丰富他们的阅历其实相当重要。

若是在“蜜罐”里长大,不知道贫困和艰苦是什么概念,就可能在未来的人生道路上走向岔路。学习历史和传统文化,体察前人为今日美好生活的付出,就是帮助孩子们“扣好人生的第一粒扣子”,让他们在未来更加有奋斗的动力。

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