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当代作家年谱的编撰拖延不得

2017-09-04 05:10:50   中国青年网

【文艺观潮】

梁启超在《中国历史研究法补编》一书中指出:“研究历史的人在做历史之先,想训练自己做史的本领,最好是找一二古人的年谱来做。”他这里所谓“古人”,同时也具有“过去”“以往”的含义。是说凡事经过一两个年轮,一个甲子六十年最好,都可列入历史研究的对象。他这个观点对我们很有启发。

再过两年,中国当代文学就将进入70年的历史轨道。中国当代文学史的历史,长度由此超出现代文学史整整一倍。从一个作家的创作周期看,近70年已经可以容纳三代作家。举例来说,如果不算赵树理、柳青这样的跨时代作家,从创作的第一篇作品算起,例如李凖的《不能走那条路》,“20后”的李凖、公刘、李瑛等,已经是中国当代文学的“第一代作家”。之后再有“30后”的王蒙、从维熙、李国文、高晓声、张贤亮和张洁等;“50后”的贾平凹、莫言、王安忆、韩少功、史铁生等。现在看,“20后”的作家多数不在人世,“30后”的作家有一些也已故去,如高晓声、张贤亮,健在的也都在八十岁上下。而“50后”作家虽然大多处在壮年期,但此年龄前后的作家路遥、陈忠实也已不在人间。因此,治中国当代文学史的人都有一种紧迫感,一是赶快抢救资料,二是赶紧找人做口述史,搜集和辑佚各种文献,三是对还处在壮年期的作家,也应该把走访纳入议事日程,趁着他们年龄尚轻(只能是相比之下),记忆力清晰,拜访不会受身体所碍的时候,抓紧做些年谱撰写的准备工作,积累第一手资料。

首先是抢救资料的问题。我曾经计划从“20后”作家开始,集中整理中国当代文学史史料。就在打算启动这项工作时,才发现那么多作家已不在人世。“抢救资料”的美好设想一下落空,因为传主不在,只能去找亲属、故旧、学生、部下,泡图书馆,缺少了与他本人面对面交流的第一手鲜活资料。据我所知,20世纪80年代中期福建人民出版社、贵州人民出版社先后出版过一部分现当代作家的《作家研究专辑》,内有李凖、马烽、李瑛、杨沫、吴强、梁斌等。可能研究界觉得以革命战争题材和农村题材见长的作家都已“过气”,没人愿意花费精力编选关于他们的“选集”“全集”,大量作品、个人资料散见于20世纪五六十年代的文艺杂志,系统的整理完全没有开始。我们知道,“作家年谱”类似于作家小小的“传记”,更详备的年谱,真正做起来,甚至比写一部作家传记还要麻烦,因为年谱不仅记述作家大致的人生轨迹,而是一年一年甚至一月一月的活动事迹都不能拉下。如此烦琐的工作,假如没有一套“作家全集”做基础,基本是不可能开展的。

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