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汽车社会考验管理智慧

2017-09-04 04:10:54   中国青年网

1974年,时任美国驻华联络处主任的老布什,与妻子芭芭拉骑自行车经过天安门,留下了一张珍贵的照片。在当时的“自行车王国”里,汽车工业与汽车的普及才刚刚迈步。

如今40多年过去了,汽车在中国触角和影响力已辐射到文化、法律、道德、家庭等各个领域。在城市中,人们的生活环境与空间被汽车社会所重塑,呈现出不断变化的新面貌。

每到夜晚,车流的灯光宛如长河,闪耀和流动在每一条回家的路上。不过,在繁荣与动人的景象中,驾驶者的公共意识和觉悟却仍显苍白。随意变道、车窗扔垃圾、驾车打手机、开斗气车、不系安全带、乱鸣笛、不礼让斑马线、滥用远光灯、车辆乱停乱放……种种交通陋习已成社会“公害”,原本规规矩矩的驾驶者,也被活生生地逼成了“路怒症”。

从城市发展的角度来看,进入到汽车社会的中国所面临的问题是,城市化还没有完成,机动化就已来临。二者在发展阶段上的“错位”,尤其表现为道路规划上的不科学,道路建设滞后,公交分担率低,道路、停车供需矛盾突出。由此造成道路资源日益稀缺,行人与车争抢路权的矛盾加剧。随着共享单车的广泛布局,自行车也逐渐加入“路权争夺战”之中,由此引发的事故与冲突也在逐渐增多。

解决汽车社会的诸多问题,涉及面众多,不能仅仅头痛医头、脚痛医脚。如何平衡各方关系和利益,考验管理者的智慧。

比如,从交通执法来说,实施“史上最严处罚”,在短期内已取得效果。从长远看,真正让交通规则进万家,方才是治本之法。

再比如,从驾驶者的自我约束来说,不文明的驾驶行为归根结底源于人们的道德观念,要提升交通文明水平,改变人的行为是关键。驾驶人提高交通文明意识,做到自我约束、自我管理,道路才能畅通。但文明的培养必然有个过程,不是一蹴而就的。对于很多屡教不改的陈规陋习,也应该适时出台法律法规,对文明习惯的形成和公民素养的提升提供保障。

汽车社会的管理目标不是让人不买车、不开车,而是从人本的角度出发,寻找更公平、更有效率的治本之策,建立起包括普通市民在内的、由各利益集团共同参与、监督的城市交通决策及管理机制。

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