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笔力扛鼎曾髯公

2017-09-03 03:40:52   中国青年网

李智勇

在民国时期的中国书画界,有三个著名的大胡子,其一于右任,其二张大千,另外一位就是衡阳人曾熙。

看曾熙的书画作品,可常在题款中见到一个写得很怪异有点像篆体“凤”的金文体“髯”字,费了好大劲才知道是与他的大胡子有关联。原来曾熙是个长满一脸大胡子的魁梧男子,他也就自号髯公及农髯。曾熙除了胡子长得好,他的书画水平也极高。用通俗的词语评价的话,就是画中有带仙气的雅韵和笔中有能扛鼎的力度。

曾熙1861年出生在湖南衡阳,字季子、嗣元,号俟园,晚号农髯。1890年中举人,随后入刘坤一幕赴山海关防御倭寇。光绪二十八年(1902)中进士,升兵部主事,1905年返湘,主讲衡阳石鼓书院,后任湖南咨议局议员、教育学会会长。辛亥革命后闲居在衡阳老家,每天写诗、练字、画画度日。好友李瑞清特别欣赏曾熙的书画,邀请他去上海展示字画,名噪一时,成为海派画家领袖,张大千也曾拜他为师。曾熙在上海时,家里经常高朋满座,来的大多数都是在书画界的湖南老乡,如何维朴、谭延闓和谭泽闓兄弟、杨度、曹典初、曹广帧、符铁年、夏寿田等。他们以书画为友,经常切磋绘画书法的技巧与心得,共同提高。

曾熙的书法以秦汉篆隶笔法为主,得力于《夏承碑》《华山碑》及《张黑女》等碑刻神韵。本来写在石碑上的字体就要方正庄重,加上用刀锉刻楔,笔法的入口转折则更显力度,加上石面受风雨侵蚀而出现斑驳及破损,因而在墨拓上出现自然的斑点,使字体更显得刚劲古拙,这也是行家们常说的金石味。曾熙则巧妙运用这个特征,加上自己的学识与经验,他的书体别具一格:他用魏碑笔法写行草,方圆兼备寓刚于柔,游锋藏转婉畅多姿,笔法古朴苍劲,竖笔挺拔气足稳健能扛鼎,横笔刚劲能力扫千军,被当时书法界称之为“农髯体”。

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