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业界“潜规则” ——别让“注水剧”逼走观众

2017-09-01 09:11:46   新华网

近年来,电视剧产业化运行机制发生变革,市场化增速加快,为追求商业利益,制作方有意拉长电视剧篇幅,这种处理方式已成为某种业界“潜规则”。《大唐荣耀》从60集拉长为92集,《择天记》从50集拉长到55集,动辄80、90集的电视剧屡见不鲜,新《还珠格格》99集、《天天有喜》91集、《隋唐英雄》120集……长剧越来越多,剧情拖沓、内容稀薄等现象屡见不鲜,即便某些口碑良好、被誉为“良心剧”的作品也存在人为拉长“凑集数”等问题,挑战着观众耐心的底线。

事实上,电视剧集数变长,是制作方和播出方利益博弈的结果。电视台认“流量演员”,少数演员片酬激增,拍摄和后期制作投入越来越大,使得电视剧制作成本不断增加,面对以集数定价格的买方电视台,电视剧制作方通过拉长集数,实现利益最大化;作为依靠贴片广告收回成本的买方电视台来说,剧集越长,植入广告的空间越多。为了延长剧集,制作方通过增加无关主线的人物、设置毫无意义的台词以及重复再现故事情节等方式“注水”,一批营养匮乏和审美薄弱的电视剧占据了荧屏,形成电视剧制作的不良风气。

电视剧是大众文化的重要组成部分,有审美、娱乐、情感沟通等多重社会功能和人文价值,“注水剧”对大众文化的负面影响不容忽视。试想,一部正常收视率为2%的电视剧,收看人群就有2600多万人,一集电视剧45分钟,如果注水部分有10分钟,那浪费的时间就是2.6亿分钟,注水部分越长,被浪费的个人时间和公共资源就越多。对电视剧制作方和播出方来说,“注水剧”会对双方的品牌和信誉造成危害,对总体收视状况本来已经令人苦恼的电视台来说,不啻是一剂鸦片:提振一时,贻害无穷,长此以往,将形成恶性循环,让电视剧越来越难以黏住观众,电视整体收视情况必然雪上加霜。

国际上,减少剧集、保证单集精彩度已成为电视剧产业的共识。日剧的长度是10—12集,英剧更少,一般一年一季,一季3—9集。相比这两个国家,美剧的剧集往往较长,但由于竞争激烈,如果收视率不好,会立马遭遇“被砍”命运,这使得美剧制作追求精益求精。我国电视剧产业环境有自己的特点,但说到底,产业的良性发展最终还是要靠好作品说话,国产电视剧要取得经济效益和社会效益的双丰收,就必须挤干“水分”,扎扎实实用“干货”和“硬货”赢得观众。

解决电视剧“注水”问题,涉及多方利益,需彼此之间通力合作。对制作方来说,应实施剧本战略,加强编剧在电视剧中的主导地位;要减少对“小鲜肉”的颜值依赖,把精力集中在故事讲述、情感传递和价值观表达上;要按照合理的比例配置演员、导演、编剧、服化道等人员薪酬。对于播出方来说,应鼓励制播联手和传统购销相结合的商业模式,最大限度地整合优质剧作资源,在电视台购买电视剧时,可以改变以集数购买的陈旧方式,综合电视剧品质、预估收视率、话题性及社会影响力等多方面再进行定价,避免制作方人为拉长剧集;在发行和销售层面,对于品质优秀的电视剧要多渠道运营。杜绝“注水剧”的产生,还需要监管部门鼓励制作方开拓题材领域和表现空间,拥抱“好故事”。我们的观众,也应该提升审美能力和批判眼光,拒绝“注水剧”。

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