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一开学孩子就头痛肚子痛,咋回事?

2017-09-01 09:01:07   中国青年网

暑假结束,年度“开学大片”上映。每年开学季,在人头攒动的校门口,总能看到大哭大闹不肯离开父母踏入校门的孩子。有些孩子甚至一上学就会头疼、肚子疼,全家老小都被折腾得够呛。作为家长,你是否掌握了应对措施?如果还没有,不妨看看专家怎么说。

“当孩子与朝夕相处的人分离,比如妈妈、姥姥、保姆等,他们会哭闹、拒绝,这些都是很正常的情绪反应,这在医学上叫做分离焦虑。”广州市妇女儿童医疗中心心理科主任医师汪玲华介绍说,大多数孩子在离开依恋对象时都存在分离焦虑,但程度有所不同。统计资料发现,大约5%-8%的分离焦虑会影响到孩子的正常生活。

哭闹的主因是分离焦虑

“进入一个新环境对孩子来说是巨大的改变,比如刚上幼儿园或者刚上小学,学校里有一定的纪律要求,孩子们突然离开了被亲情和温暖包围的家庭,要独立地去争取老师的关注,他们难免会有压力,会感到不安。有些孩子在这个过程中的反应更为激烈,如拒绝上幼儿园,出现夜惊,总是担心主要养育人出现意外;严重时还会伴随头疼,肚子疼,恶心呕吐等躯体性反应;还有一些孩子则会走向另一个极端:少哭闹,不愿意动、不愿意融入集体活动中等。”汪玲华分析说,以上的这些表现,都和分离焦虑有关。

汪玲华表示,分离焦虑的严重程度和孩子的个性也是有关系的。分离焦虑严重的孩子一般性格比较敏感内向,他们本身缺乏安全感,比同龄儿童更容易焦虑,融入集体生活也更为困难。有研究显示,患严重分离焦虑的儿童,长大后出现心理问题的几率比同龄人更高。

还有家长表示,孩子一上学就嚷嚷头痛、肚子痛、胃痛,但到医院检查却查不出任何疾病,这是怎么回事儿?广州市妇女儿童医疗中心心理科主任医师查彩慧表示,这很有可能是分离焦虑导致的躯体反应。但也有可能真的是孩子患了某些躯体疾病,父母不能掉以轻心。如果这种情况如果频繁出现,建议家长应该带孩子去医院的儿内科就诊,儿内科医生排除躯体疾病后,会根据孩子的情况建议转诊到心理科。另外,家长需注意的是,当孩子出现开学综合征时,切忌指责他们撒谎,更不能打骂,否则会适得其反。

最好采取渐进式的分离

汪玲华表示,分离焦虑并非只发生在学龄儿童身上,宝宝在6-8个月就有可能开始出现第一次分离焦虑,14-18个月时则是分离焦虑的高峰期。她提醒,“断奶、分床、妈妈需返回职场上班、生病住院等都会引发宝宝的这种情绪。如果需要分离的话,家长最好避开这两个时间节点,采取渐进式的方式分离,如重返职场的妈妈,可以先找好主要养育人的替代角色,比如家中老人或者保姆。”

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