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基础设施互联互通是金砖国家务实合作的突破口

2017-09-01 05:45:54   中国青年网

9月3日至5日,金砖国家领导人第九次会晤将在福建厦门举行。自2006年举行首次峰会以来,金砖国家合作将由此迎来第二个“黄金十年”。

如何打造下一个“黄金十年”?中国贸促会研究院国际贸易研究部主任赵萍认为,基础设施互联互通,是金砖国家推动务实合作的突破口。

在8月30日中国新闻社举办的“五国如何演义——金砖国家峰会前瞻”论坛上,赵萍指出,金砖国家作为新兴经济体,虽然经济增长速度可人,在世界经济总量中的占比越来越高,发展前景也非常看好,但也应该看到,除中国之外,其他4国的基础设施建设还有很大的空间。

赵萍以印度为例介绍说,印度的公路基础设施建设非常落后,目前其一半国土还未通公路,质量达标的高速公路只有不到四分之一,铁路网也面临着老化的问题。对于印度来说,基础设施建设至关重要。

基础设施落后影响经济发展的情况,同样出现在巴西、南非和俄罗斯。赵萍指出,在俄罗斯,虽然公路、铁路、航空、水运等都有一定的基础,但与俄罗斯的发展需求仍然不相匹配,“俄罗斯参与并主导欧亚经济联盟的一个重要目标,就是要加强其基础设施建设”。

赵萍认为,对于金砖国家来说,基础设施建设不仅重要,而且迫切,其未来投资空间非常巨大。但是,各国也都面临着不同的困难。

在印度,虽然莫迪政府提出,未来计划投入一万亿美元进行基础设施建设,但政府的投入力度有限,一半资金要来自私人资本,未来的资金缺口仍比较大。在俄罗斯,联邦政府计划未来要投资430多亿美元用于改善铁路基础设施,但融资困难和基建经验不足仍是最大的障碍。赵萍因此提出,金砖国家在解决基础设施建设资金不足、经验不足方面,“要更多从国际化角度出发,来解决技术标准和建设资金使用等问题,要有共商、共建、共享的思路,大力吸引外资,努力扩大开放。”

在扩大开放过程中,金砖国家需要探索更多的合作方式,尤其是融资方式。赵萍说:“在印度,政府鼓励私营企业参与基础设施建设,提出了BOT(记者注:Build-Operate-Transfer,意为“建设-经营-转让”)模式。在中国,我们更多采用的是PPP(记者注:Public-Private-Partnership,公共私营合作制)模式。创新更多的融资和合作方式,将是金砖国家未来解决基础设施建设资金短缺的一种非常重要的路径。”

加强金砖国家基础设施的互联互通,不仅可以解除本国经济发展的束缚,更将成为各国经济发展与合作的新机遇。赵萍认为:“在金砖合作机制下,未来如果能够在基础设施领域有更多投资与合作,对于像俄罗斯、巴西、南非这类经济增长面临较大挑战的国家来说,将能够通过基础设施建设的合作来发现新的增长点。”

本报北京8月31日电

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