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我国二氧化碳电催化转化获突破

2017-09-01 05:26:08   中国青年网

本报讯 记者沈则瑾报道:近日,中科院低碳转化科学与工程重点实验室暨上海高研院—上海科技大学低碳能源联合实验室,在电催化二氧化碳(CO2)还原转化生成甲酸和乙醇方面均取得重要进展,相关结果分别发表于国际知名期刊《德国应用化学》。

现代社会消耗了大量煤、石油和天然气等化石能源,导致CO2等温室气体排放量急剧增加,引发全球环境问题日益严峻。对此,通过电催化CO2转化成为一条可行之路:采用可再生的风电、太阳能等洁净电能为能源,在常温、常压条件下将CO2直接一步转化为一氧化碳、甲酸、甲醇等燃料及化学品,并实现CO2的资源化利用和洁净电能的有效存储,表现出极具潜力的应用前景。

然而,如何高效获得高附加值的化学品是CO2电催化转化研究中极具挑战性的热点课题。

陈为工作组经过近两年的不断探索,筛选、尝试了大量金属、合金催化剂,最终发现由金属钯(Pd)、锡(Sn)组成的Pd-Sn合金催化剂具有非常优异的性能。只需施加非常低的电压,该催化剂就能将所输入电能的99%用于驱动CO2转化生成高附加值化学品——甲酸。甲酸是基本有机化工原料之一,广泛用于农药、皮革、染料、医药和橡胶等工业。此项研究以CO2为原料,利用可再生电能高效率合成甲酸,显示出良好的应用前景。

此外,通过电催化过程将CO2转化生成含有两个(及以上)碳原子的产物,如乙烯、乙醇等非常困难,也是行内重点攻克的目标。该研究团队在前期纳米碳材料研究的基础上,开发出了氮掺杂的介孔碳(N-carbon)材料用于电催化CO2转化。通过调控N-carbon的孔道结构和表面活性位构型,成功实现了CO2直接转化生成乙醇。乙醇是用途最为广泛的基础化学品之一,应用于合成醋酸、饮料、香精、染料、燃料等,产业前景巨大。

此项研究工作为设计、创制高活性和高选择性生成多碳产物的电催化体系提供了新思路,受到《德国应用化学》审稿人的高度评价。

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