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哈维飓风造成300亿美元损失 保险公司用金融市场分散风险

2017-08-31 16:01:02   央广网

央广网北京8月31日消息(记者张奥 实习记者于洋 罗月言)据经济之声《天下公司》报道,哈维飓风继续在美国德克萨斯州肆虐,休斯敦的降雨量积累已经突破1230毫米,比过去一年的降水量还要多。此次飓风造成的死亡人数上升到18人,其中包括一名休斯顿的警察。由于一些低洼地区已经被淹,部分居民撤离了房屋,有不法分子趁机入室盗窃,警方已经逮捕了14人。

休斯顿是美国第四大城市,据美国救灾管理局预计,仅在休斯顿受飓风影响的居民就有1300万人,房屋被淹,屋顶被毁的不在少数。美国保险公司allstate已经派出无人机去查看屋顶受损情况,搜集数据,以便估算损失和加速赔付。初步统计,哈维飓风将给德克萨斯州造成300亿美元的损失,其中40%有保险覆盖。

对此,人保再保险公司总裁张青说:“不管是救灾保险还是平常保险,都是商业行为,而不是政府救助行为,所以保险的定损和赔付都是按照合同的规定来进行。那么,这个定损和平常其他的例如车辆事故后损失的定损方式是一样的。一般来说,保险保的要么是人身伤害,要么是物质损失,或者救助方面费用的保险。对于房屋来讲,像美国飓风这样的情况,主要造成的有两类损失:一类是由于风造成的,比如屋顶被掀翻了等整个房屋的损害;另外一类是由于水淹造成的。相对来说,这种定损和普通的情况一样,也比较容易定损。而且灾因相对比较明确,所以保险公司定损也是比较快的。

“保险有两类,一类是企业或者商业保险,一类是家庭方面的保险。企业保险相对比较复杂,可能定损会比较慢,赔付也会慢一些。个人、家庭财产方面的保险相对要简单一些。因为美国独栋房屋较多,定损比较容易。就赔付来讲,商业保险一般分两类:一是定损后赔付。二是重损和巨灾情况下会有预付款。保险公司会进行预估,在不超过赔款金的情况下,先发放一定金额的预付赔款,这对灾后的重建有一定帮助。”

张青强调:“历史上曾经有过巨额赔付将保险公司拖垮和引发金融风险的,但严格地从保险行业来讲,巨灾的损失不会造成系统性的风险,不会对整个行业造成问题。比如上世纪初的旧金山大地震、2005年的新奥尔良“卡吹娜”飓风造成的损失比这次还要大,保险损失将近500亿,旧金山大地震还造成了一些小公司倒闭。但是,从这些年的整个监管层面来看,保险行业的风险管理相对来讲还是比较严格。因为本身是做保险的,所以,第一,保险公司投资会比较谨慎,遵从安全性第一原则;第二,负债端所承担的风险总量比较清楚,是可以精算的,而且精算值从某种程度上来讲较固定。一般来讲,承担巨灾的每个企业的损失金额数目,不会超过此公司本身经营的风险偏好。因此,从这些年看,很少出现巨灾之后保险公司倒闭的情况。”

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