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俄媒解密俄军未来导弹列车:2分钟发36颗核弹头

2017-08-31 10:06:47   中国青年网

俄新社8月28日发表了题为《拥有特殊用途的“幽灵列车” 副题:“巴尔古津”导弹系统威力何在?》的报道。

30年前,苏联完成某种独一无二的战略武器的试验,这便是代号“青年”的RT-23铁路导弹作战系统,西方称之为“手术刀”。它能向潜在的敌人发射3枚洲际弹道导弹,令西方情报部门的负责人深感头疼。毕竟苏联的铁路蜿蜒曲折且极其漫长,加上行驶其间的列车众多,要从中发现伪装成普通列车的导弹发射系统,不啻大海捞针。

苏联在解体之时尚拥有3个列车导弹师,即12辆列车加36件发射装置。然而,1993年,俄同意签署第二阶段限制进攻性战略武器条约,所有RT-23导弹皆在销毁清单上。

2003年至2007年,所有的“青年”导弹列车也已报废,只剩下两件供博物馆收藏。当时,人们以为它们再无用武之地。殊不知最近10年里,随着俄与西方关系的恶化,人们对铁路导弹作战系统的兴趣重新被点燃。2013年12月,媒体上出现了莫斯科以新技术为依托、复兴铁路导弹的报道。今年7月,副总理罗戈津正式宣布,俄将打造新的“巴尔古津”铁路导弹作战系统。

暗藏玄机的列车

“巴尔古津”是一种直接从铁路上完成机动发射的导弹作战系统,外表与普通列车无异,车内是已完全做好发射准备的洲际导弹、指挥所、技术及操作系统、通信系统、人员,后者为战略火箭兵的军官。一旦遭遇核战争威胁,它将出库巡逻,融入其他正在运营的火车当中。倘若高层下令进入作战状态,它便会马上停下且做好进攻准备。3节车厢的顶部舱门向两边平移打开,内置机关会令导弹发射箱随即竖立,与地面垂直,只需一两分钟,共拥有30个分导核弹头、单个爆炸威力相当于55万吨TNT当量的3枚导弹便能迅速升空,向侵略者的方向飞去。

在苏联时代,从事铁路导弹作战系统研发的是位于乌克兰第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克的南方设计局,担纲设计工作的是一对院士兄弟,弗拉基米尔·乌特金和阿列克谢·乌特金。他们领到的任务绝对前无古人:将总重量逾150吨的导弹连同发射装置一道塞进一节普通的火车车厢中,且行驶时速还需达到每小时120公里的水平。

但他们成功了,他们研发出更为结实的车架,以及特殊的力学装置,能让邻近车厢分担部分重量。导弹列车终于可以在普通铁路上自由行驶了,且不必担心出现损坏。从外观看,它与由冷藏、行李及旅客车厢组成的一般列车并无区别。其中的14节车厢,每节各8对车轮,另外3节各4对。倘若资源充足,它能行驶28个昼夜之久。

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