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央广网北京8月30日消息 今日,教育部举行新闻发布会,介绍近年来职业教育国家教学标准体系建设的基本情况和阶段性成果。
目前,我国共有职业院校1.23万所,年招生930.78万人,在校生2680.21万人,中职、高职教育分别占高中阶段教育和高等教育的“半壁江山”。全国职业院校共开设近千个专业、近10万个专业点,基本覆盖了国民经济各领域,具备了大规模培养高素质劳动者和技术技能人才的能力。经过多年持续建设,我国职业教育领域基本形成了以专业目录、专业教学标准、课程教学标准、顶岗实习标准、专业仪器设备装备规范等五个部分构成的国家教学标准体系。具有中国特色、比较系统的职业教育国家教学标准体系框架现已基本形成。
据职业教育与成人教育司司长王继平介绍,在该体系下,目前所取得的建设成果包括:2个专业目录,即《中等职业学校专业目录》及其设置管理办法和《高等职业学校专业目录》及其设置管理办法;230个中职专业教学标准和410个高职专业教学标准;9门中职公共基础课教学大纲、9门中职大类专业基础课教学大纲;70个职业学校专业(类)顶岗实习标准以及9个专业仪器设备装备规范等。
近年来,高职专业教学标准、顶岗实习标准、仪器设备装备规范等从无到有,填补了我国职业教育史上的空白;中职专业目录、中职专业教学标准等已经历了一轮或几轮的修订,逐步建立起随产业发展动态调整的机制。
在专业设置上,职业教育制定了更加适应现代产业发展新要求的专业目录。职业教育与成人教育司副巡视员葛维威介绍,2015年,教育部在2004年首次发布的高职专业目录基础上组织了修订,设19个专业大类,99个专业类,748个专业,同时发布了新的专业设置管理办法和专业简介。专业设置管理办法确立了对接产业发展需要、动态增补专业的机制,2016年增补了13个专业,目前共计761个专业。重点增设了经济社会发展急需的鼓励类产业相关专业,减少或取消设置限制类、淘汰类产业相关专业。比如,为适应现代农业发展需要,设置了“休闲农业”“生态农业技术”“绿色食品生产与检验”等专业;为适应现代服务业及新业态、新模式发展需要,设置“健康管理与促进”“电子商务”“文化服务”等专业类;取消了“森林采运工程”等专业。
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