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禁止免费提供一次性餐具 会否重演“限塑令”的尴尬?
2017-08-31 02:55:40 中国青年网
◎蒋璟璟
在餐馆就餐、网上叫外卖,经营者往往会为消费者提供免费的一次性餐具,也因此产生了大量的废弃塑料碗、塑料杯以及木质筷子。为此,近日广州市第十五届人大常委会第七次会议审议了《广州市城乡生活垃圾分类管理规定(草案)》,其中规定“餐饮、娱乐、宾馆等服务性经营单位不得免费向消费者提供一次性餐具、一次性卫浴用具等一次性消费用品。”(信息时报)
运用价格杠杆引导生产和消费,素来是推进环保的惯用手段。此番,广州拟立法规定“餐饮单位不得免费提供一次性餐具”,本质上仍然遵循着这一思路。此类做法,其实很容易让人联想到多年前开始实施的“限塑令”。从实际效果来看,曾被寄予厚望的“限塑令”似乎并未取得预想中的效果,反倒成就了大型商超赚得盆满钵满。那么,现如今“限塑令”的故事会否再原样重演一遍?
九年来,“限塑令”的名存实亡,丝毫不令人意外。我们甚至轻易就可以找到N个理由,来解释这一切。比如说,塑料袋的售价通常只有几毛钱,对塑料袋的消费也零碎分散于一次次的购物行为之中,这些导致了消费者难以产生足够的“花钱痛感”;再比如说,国人中的绝大部分都尚未培养起自带购物袋的习惯,对于他们来说,顺手购买塑料袋几乎就是“刚需”……考虑到这些具体因素,“价格杠杆”的失灵几乎是必然的。
比较而言,一次性餐具和塑料购物袋的消费逻辑其实高度相似。甚至,一次性餐具的“刚需”属性还要更强一些。毕竟,此类餐具创造了一种相对干净、卫生的就餐条件,往往也没有合适的替代品。特别对于外卖行业来说,一次性餐具几乎就是天然的“标配”。据此,基本可以预见,即便要求餐饮单位对一次性餐具收费,想必也很难减少其使用量。
“餐饮单位不得免费提供一次性餐具”之类的规定,除了可疑的“价格杠杆”功能之外,更主要的还是宣示了官方对一次性餐具使用的抑制性立场。也许,真正需要纠结的,并不是该不该推行“一次性餐具付费使用”。因为,显而易见的道理是,既然一次性餐具的使用者制造了额外的垃圾、增加了环境负担,那就有理由为此“埋单”。真正需要厘清的是,这笔由一次性餐具所产生的“费用”到底该如何分配?换而言之,这笔钱是留置于餐饮单位而直接成为企业收入,还是继续向上流动而转化为公共部门的环境治理资金?对此,必须事先给出周全安排才是。也只有这样,才能避免重演“限塑令”的尴尬。
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