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记者手记:兵马俑——每个人一生必去的地方

2017-08-30 11:11:29   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 马林、翻译 薛亚男):中国国际广播电台的中外记者团队于2017年8月29日参观了世界上最值得去的古迹遗址之一,被联合国教科文组织收录进的世界文化遗产——兵马俑。第一次亲眼看到兵马俑十分震撼,2000多年前的艺术就已经达到了如此精湛的水平,令人不禁赞叹中华民族的智慧!

关于兵马俑

兵马俑是中国第一位皇帝秦始皇(公元前259年—210年)的陵墓的一部分,占地面积达98平方公里。据估计,有超过8000个兵俑、130个战车俑、520个马俑和150个骑兵俑。兵马俑的修建开始于秦始皇在位的第13年,据记载,参与制作兵马俑的约有70万人。

所有的兵马俑都是根据士兵的真实大小制作的,他们拥有特征各异的脸,身高也不尽相同,其中将军最高大。兵马俑的表面本来是有颜色的,然而经过风化,表面的颜色都已消失殆尽。兵马俑是1974年当地村民在挖井过程中偶然发掘出的,中国最著名的历史学家司马迁记录过它的存在,司马迁是比秦始皇晚100年的人物。兵马俑位于陕西省省会西安市不远处的临潼区骊山脚下,出于担心损坏文物的考虑,这位尊贵皇帝的陵墓并未完全挖掘出来。兵马俑是人一生中必去的地方之一。

西安的历史变迁

西安的地理位置在中国历史上至关重要。在西周时期,公元前11世纪到公元前770年,在现在西安所在的位置以西曾经建立过两座主城:丰京和镐京。由于战争原因,主城后迁到洛阳。到了秦朝,秦始皇统一中国,主城又迁到了西安以北的咸阳,此后咸阳成为了中国历史上第一个帝国的首都。

之后将军项羽烧毁了咸阳,秦朝消亡。在争霸战争中,刘邦打败了项羽,建立了汉朝,并于公元前202年建立了都城长安(现名西安),传统上认为这个时间也就是西安建成的时间。

汉武帝(公元前141年—87年)派出第一支使团前往西亚,从此开辟了丝绸之路,而西安就是起点。在公元24年后,由于政治不稳定,这座城市失去了它的国都地位。之后的很长一段时间,它只是作为地理位置上的中心而失去了政治中心的地位。到了公元四世纪,西安才作为佛教中心重新回到了重要的位置。

西安在唐朝(公元618年—907年)作为中国佛教、道教、摩尼教、拜火教和景教的中心而达到了鼎盛,当时伊斯兰教也传入中国,时至今日,西安拥有最大、最有活力的穆斯林生活区和大清真寺。

唐朝以后,西安再一次失去了中心地位,但是在明朝之后再一次兴盛,并得名“西安”。如今,这座城市拥有发达的交通、丰富的文化、发达的工业和教育,并再次成为中国西北部地区的重要城市。

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