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太原成为全球首个出租车全电动化城市 环保经济互利共赢

2017-08-30 09:38:38   

中国日报8月29日电 8月29日下午,在环保部宣教中心与清洁空气创新中心联合举办的第四届“创蓝”清洁空气媒体研讨班上,太原城市规划设计研究院、清洁空气创新中心和山西环境规划院共同发布了《太原电动出租车推广案例分析及对其他城市的建议》。该建议首次系统分析了太原市在电动车推广上的进展和经验,拟为其他城市转型发展、清洁发展提供参考。

随着近年来空气污染治理的政策力度越来越大及对长期的能源策略的展望,能源大省山西面临着能源转型的巨大压力。为了应对挑战,新能源汽车推广被定为山西省整体产业转型升级中的关键一环。作为山西的省会城市,太原市多年来都与重度空气污染、煤炭产地等形象绑定在一起。

在转型浪潮中,太原市勇于创新,抓住机遇,2016年一年实现全市的8292辆出租车全部更换为电动车,成为全国乃至全球首个出租车全部电动化的城市。随着这一举动,太原的电动车相关产业得到了巨大发展,新建了包括比亚迪、远航、华夏动力等6个新能源汽车产业项目,企业总投资约5亿元,创造了多个新的工作岗位。其中,比亚迪太原新能源汽车生产基地项目一家,预计投产后年产值将达150亿元。同时,在电网电力消纳、电动车生产、充电设施建设及车辆和充电设施的运营维护等领域都产生了显著的拉动效应。

出租车电动化升级对太原市的空气质量改善也有重要的促进作用。相关大气污染源解析结果表明,之前太原市的PM2.5污染中机动车尾气占比16%,但据《建议》预测,若不考虑电网端的排放,出租车电动化之后,每年将减少本地污染物排放的具体数据如下:氮氧化物807吨、一氧化碳3886吨、碳氢850吨、PM2.57吨,此外PM10、二氧化硫等污染物也将有显著减少。“出租车电动化之后,可以显著降低在城市密集区的机动车污染排放,对人群的健康效益是非常显著的。”清洁空气创新中心高级项目经理李连飞介绍时说。

《建议》认为,电动车转型应优先考虑从出租车和公交车等公共交通入手,其环境效益更明显、政府主导作用更有优势;而在执行过程中,明确的领导、管理和协调机制是核心挑战;在推广过程中,需设定动态的能效评估、生产环节的减排等工作,最大程度带来全生命周期的空气污染改善;同时,电力设施、相应的政策及管理办法应提前规划、尽量先行出台,以保证推广顺利进行。

“太原的电动车转型带来了实打实的好处,在空气质量、产业转型、就业机会、经济发展等多个方面都获得了实际的效益。”清洁空气创新中心主任解洪兴在发布会上谈到,“现在有越来越多的城市加入到电动车推广的行列,有些为了提升城市形象,改善环境;有些为了本地产业发展,推动经济建设。我们历时8个月时间,对太原的案例进行了相对系统的回顾和评估,并总结出以城市为立足点,推动电动出租车与公交车的建议,希望能够为其他城市提供借鉴。”

“未来十年将是中国新能源汽车发展的战略机遇期,在中国的‘十二五’规划纲要中,中国把新能源汽车列为战略性新兴产业之一。而进入‘十三五’,更多的地方省市会纷纷加入电动车推广的行业,中国的电动汽车将会迎来新一轮高速发展。太原模式为推动这一发展做出了良好的表率,其经验具有较高的借鉴价值。”环保部宣教中心主任贾峰在点评时说。

“创蓝”清洁空气媒体研讨班是由环境保护部宣传教育中心和清洁空气创新中心联合推出的针对中国空气污染防治重要议题与媒体进行思想分享与深入交流的系列活动,旨在通过媒体参与,将大气领域的先进经验和政策动向分享给更广泛的受众群体,切实推进我国空气质量改善的社会进程,营造良好的舆论氛围。

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