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给开学一个好的创意

2017-08-30 05:16:32   中国青年网

图为欢迎孩子们返校的漫画。光明图片/视觉中国

【环球教育评说】

结束一个漫长的暑假,大中小学在秋意渐浓的时节开学了。在国外,许多学校和家庭都想方设法为学生们创造一个快乐而又有意义的开学氛围,让他们留下美好而深刻的记忆,使新学期有一个好的开端。

在美国,教育界人士认为,学生在“开学日”的表现将为其日后在校表现奠定基础,对今后的学业也会产生很大影响。不论是教师与学生一一握手、点名欢迎,还是让学生大声自信地做自我介绍,美国学校在开学时都注重培养教师和学生交流互动的气氛,对学生尊重的气氛,并为每个人提供展示自己的机会。

俗话说:“良好的开端等于成功的一半。”这个好开端,有几层含义:一是好习惯的开端,二是好方向的开端,三是好互动的开端。

古人云:“予人以鱼,不如授人以渔。”培养良好的学习习惯,对学生未来发展至关重要。古今中外的教育学家、心理学家都非常重视学生学习习惯的培养。我国当代教育家叶圣陶曾明确指出:“什么是教育?一句话,就是要养成良好的学习习惯。”良好的习惯一旦养成,将会成为学生们一生受用的宝贵财富。

培养学生良好的学习习惯,应从“大处着眼,小处着手”,在一举一动、一言一行中逐渐养成。《老子》中有这样一句话:合抱之木,生于毫末;九层之台,起于垒土;千里之行,始于足下。不要小看这些学习过程中的“细枝末节”,哪怕是一个坐的姿势、一个拿书的姿势,都成为好习惯的起点。

好习惯不是凭空而来的,关键是要激发学生的学习兴趣,那种探究未知的神秘感和成就感将成为他们进步中的重要阶梯。在芬兰,学校通过开放式的教育理念来培养学生的兴趣,这里的诸多学校都主张释放个性,因材施教。芬兰的学校开学第一天,一般会召开家长会,老师会研究班里每个新生的特点,从而快速记住每个人。

在德国,孩子去学校报到的那一天,新生和家长们都会盛装参加入学仪式,家长要将喇叭筒送给孩子,孩子们会像盼望过圣诞节一样期待这一天的到来。有的老师还会设计新颖的游戏,以提高入学新生对学校的兴趣。

与国内中小学开学普遍强调纪律相比,国外的学校倾向于为学生们营造快乐的开学氛围,希望学生能够因此爱上学校。在开学第一天,就通过各种生动的形式,多方面激发学生对学校和学习的兴趣,紧紧地抓住学生的注意力,使他们很快进入“最佳状态”。

一条鱼能解一时之饥,却不能解长久之饥,如果想永远有鱼吃,那就要学会钓鱼的方法。从更高远的视野审视,教育的最高境界应当是超越方法论,激起学生内心对于学习的热忱,对生活的热爱,对美好的追求。

从开学这一单一事件中可以发现,学生的头脑不是一个被填充的容器,而是一把需要被点燃的火把。在教育中,要把学生看作是学习的建构者,抛弃学生是知识容器的理念,让学生变被动为主动,不断提升学生主动探求的愿望,我们的教学就会起到事半功倍的效果,我们的教育才会充满活力。

(作者:晓林)

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