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“国内古建筑第一瑰宝”山西佛光寺漏水严重 地方负责人:2015年已报修

2017-08-29 18:06:30   央广网

央广网忻州8月29日消息(记者杨博宇)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,佛光寺位于山西省忻州市五台县是全国重点文物保护单位,建成于公元857年,因历史悠久,寺内佛教文物珍贵,故有“亚洲佛光”之称。佛光寺的唐代建筑、雕塑、壁画、题记,历史价值和艺术价值极高,被称为“四绝”。

近日有媒体报道,佛光寺东大殿漏水严重。对此,佛光寺的主管单位山西省古建筑保护所工作人员称,相关人员已赶赴当地解决漏水问题,目前已经在东大殿屋顶遮盖了塑料布,东大殿的维修方案已于2015年上报,目前正处于专家评议阶段。有资料显示,佛光寺东大殿是我国现存最早的地面木结构建筑遗存之一,是国内现存唯一的唐代殿堂式建筑。被称为“国内古建筑第一瑰宝”的佛光寺东大殿现状究竟如何?

8月27日民间文物保护志愿者唐大华发微博称,位于山西省忻州五台县的佛光寺东大殿漏水严重,并表示了忧虑。今天中午唐大华在接受中国之声采访时表示,8月27日他在参观佛光寺的过程中,发现了东大殿漏水的情况。“26日上午开始下雨,一晚上没停,27日上午我们去时,当地降水已24小时,看到佛光寺大殿里面漏的稀里哗啦,之前去没赶上下这么长时间雨或没下雨,没看到漏的这么厉害。”

唐大华说,根据现场粗略统计,从屋檐到大殿里漏雨点不下十几处。“能看到漏雨的点有十几处,东大殿里的造像区搞了一圈栏杆,后面将近一半的空间看不到,后面空间状况不知道。能看到明显的雨点落到造像区的罗汉那一片里,正好看到工作人员拿塑料布去遮盖那几个罗汉。”

唐大华表示,对于木结构的古建筑来说,漏雨可能导致木构件腐烂,一旦木构件无法承担房顶的压力,整个建筑可能都面临倒塌的危险。“如果没有水,可能上千年的大殿在这也没事,如果漏水,可能几年时间腐朽地很厉害,如果漏得这么严重,对建筑的本体已经造成了很严重的损害。”

资料显示,1937年6月著名建筑学家梁思成到山西考察时,认为佛光寺东大殿是他多年考察所发现的唯一一处唐代木结构建筑,并将佛光寺东大殿称之为“国内古建筑第一瑰宝”。1961年山西佛光寺成为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

在唐大华看来,如此珍贵的古建筑如今却沦落到如此境地,与平时的维护不够不无关系。“漏十几处绝对不是一日之功,如果漏一处我就不会发微博,一处可能是偶然的,回头可能人家处理就没事了。漏了十几处,我到现场以后很气愤,维护不够,小修变大修,如果把漏水点早处理,可能就不会损失零件,甚至不需要大修,小修不够,导致零件越来越腐朽,不大修不行。”

对此,山西省古建筑保护研究所相关负责人郑先和表示,东大殿漏雨是由于大殿年久失修,加上近期降雨持续时间较长导致。而针对佛光寺东大殿的维修方案,早在2015年就已经上报上级部门,目前该方案正处于专家评审阶段。“在解放以后没有大修过,一千多年的建筑了,连续下雨将近40个小时。15年古建所把大殿的维修方案报到国家文物局,现在国家局在组织专家进行评审,我们下边很着急。国家文物局得下文,不是想修就随便修,因为它太珍贵了,维修要做到最小干预最大保护。”

郑先和说,了解到东大殿漏雨情况之后,相关技术人员已经第一时间赶到现场进行了勘察,并已经采取了相应防护措施,今天上午勘察工作仍在继续,下一步将尽快形成报告上报国家文物局。“从27日开始,古建所的技术人员对漏雨的情况进行勘察,打出报告向国家文物局汇报情况,促使国家局进一步抓紧时间,批复维修方案。”

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