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教科书是必须扣好的第一粒扣子

2017-08-29 09:43:14   央广网

今日社评

本报评论员 樊大彧

青少年的价值取向决定了未来社会的价值取向,正确价值观的培养要从娃娃抓起、从学校抓起,而科学、严谨的教材则正是润物无声的重要价值观“源头”。从这个角度看,将中小学教科书比喻为人生的第一粒扣子并不为过,就像穿衣服扣扣子一样,如果第一粒扣子扣错了,剩余的扣子都会跟着错下去。

9月将至,新学期开学在即,教育部统一编写的义务教育道德与法治、语文、历史三科教材,将在全国投入使用。新教材更强调中华优秀传统文化教育、革命传统教育、国家主权教育。其中,语文教材古诗文数量增加,新编初中历史教材注重加强国家主权意识和海洋意识教育,讲述西藏、新疆、台湾及附属岛屿钓鱼岛、南海诸岛等作为中国领土不可分割一部分的历史渊源。(相关报道见A4版)

有媒体将此次中小学新编教材的使用称为“大换血”,这种说法虽不全面,但也有一定的道理。由于此前我国中小学教材实行“一纲多本”政策,目前各地使用的教材存在明显差异。据反映,有些地区此次使用教育部统一编写的新教材后,当地中学教材中的道德与法治、语文、历史科目内容的调整幅度将达到近40%。对这些地区而言,此次教材改革确实可以称得上是“大换血”。

从9月1日起,全国数百万就读于起始年级的小学生和初中生将开始使用统编语文教科书,这标志着中小学语文教材“一纲多本”的时代正式结束。“一纲多本”政策已经实施了十多年,2004年课改后各地陆续开始自主编撰教材,以语文教材为例,全国中小学语文教材版本有人教版、湘教版、长春版、苏教版、教科版等十余种。“一纲多本”模式确实让语文教材“活”起来,但也暴露出不少问题。

近年来,不少版本语文教材频频被挑刺,其中比较著名的就是《爱迪生救妈妈》可能是篇“假课文”。文章描述,爱迪生小时候,妈妈突患急性阑尾炎,医生手术时光线太暗,而聪明的爱迪生用镜子聚光解决难题,妈妈得救了。然而,这篇课文却被历史事实无情打脸,因为那个年代还没有阑尾炎手术。此外,一些语文教材还不断被吐槽存在违反科学常识的内容,容易误导孩子。

由此可见,此前实行多年的“一纲多本”政策,虽然在教材的编写和出版过程中引入了竞争机制,让教材“鲜活”起来,但也随之出现了诸如各教材版本的质量和数量不均衡、教材编写和运用相脱节、教材评价体系不完善等问题。另外,当年实行“一纲多本”的一个重要理由是,我国幅员辽阔,经济文化发展很不平衡,因此义务教育的教材内容应该因地制宜。但多年来的实践,也让社会对“硬币”的另一面有所警惕。在基础教育领域,各地长期使用内容参差不齐的教材,这势必会加大各地文化发展的差异而不是缩小,而这种趋势并不利于我国社会的长期持续健康发展。

此次教育部统一组织新编了中小学义务教育阶段最为重要的三科教材,体现了国家对教材编写的高度重视,体现了国家对弘扬社会主流价值的高度重视。新编教材对中小学生正确历史观、人生观、价值观的培养形成,将发挥出重要的关键作用。

青少年的价值取向决定了未来社会的价值取向,正确价值观的培养要从娃娃抓起、从学校抓起,而科学、严谨的教材则正是润物无声的重要价值观“源头”。从这个角度看,将中小学教科书比喻为人生的第一粒扣子并不为过,就像穿衣服扣扣子一样,如果第一粒扣子扣错了,剩余的扣子都会跟着错下去。此次新编的中小学三科教材,着力于全面体现传统美德、民族精神、文化传承,这对扣好“第一粒扣子”,抓好中小学时期的价值观养成具有十分重要的意义。

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