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此次沙特增兵也门:既打胡塞,更压伊朗

2017-08-29 09:16:51   国际在线

英国简氏防务新闻网站8月25日报道,一批沙特地面部队已经被部署到了也门亚丁港,这是沙特地面部队首次成建制部署到也门政府军的控制区域。一名也门政府安全部门官员称,沙特方面派遣的是“重装部队”,他们将在这里开辟打击胡塞武装的“新战场”。而据亲胡塞武装媒体报道,沙特军队的此次部署是“早有预谋”的。就在沙特“重装部队”抵达亚丁港某集装箱码头的同时,一支苏丹军队也在亚丁港“登陆”。在亚丁港国际机场,数架沙特空军的运输机将一批“重装备”卸下。甚至在亚丁港的也门总统驻地附近,也出现了沙特武装人员。可以明显的看出,沙特此次增兵也门意味着对胡塞武装的战争将再次升级。不过笔者也从中揣摩出沙特急于遏制伊朗的心理。

 众所周知,同为中东地区的两个大国,沙特与伊朗的矛盾由来已久。

首先是教派矛盾。两国都是伊斯兰国家,但沙特是逊尼派,而伊朗则是什叶派,两派矛盾已有千年历史,本质是伊斯兰教正统性和继承权的斗争,这一矛盾在当前极端组织的挑拨下愈演愈烈,进而刺激了两派“霸主”之间的不和,2016年初沙特与伊朗断交则导致双方对抗越来越公开化,而最近的卡塔尔断交风波更是火上浇油。

其次是阿拉伯民族和波斯民族的矛盾。伊朗属于波斯文明,而沙特属于阿拉伯文明,二者都认为自己高人一等,是统治中东的主流文明,从而导致相互间格格不入。

因此沙特与伊朗在争夺地区主导权的地缘政治矛盾上尤为突出。特别是在签署核协议之后,国际社会对伊朗的制裁逐步被解除,伊朗崛起的势头越来越明显。近一段时间以来,伊朗在中东地区表现活跃,不论是伊拉克还是叙利亚,都能看到伊朗的身影,而随着极端组织即将覆灭,伊朗在这两处的影响力已经毋庸置疑,这对于沙特来说绝不是个利好的消息,而也门就成为目前沙特希望能够扳回一城的地方。

2014年9月,也门胡塞武装夺取首都萨那,后又占领南部地区,迫使总统阿卜杜拉布·曼苏尔·哈迪前往沙特避难。2015年3月,沙特、阿联酋等国针对胡塞武装发起代号为“果断风暴”的军事行动。支持也门政府的武装力量夺回也门南部5个省,不过胡塞武装仍控制着萨那和也门北部许多地区。哈迪领导的政府在南部城市亚丁建立临时首都。目前这场战争已经持续了2年多,造成了超过300万人流离失所。在这场战争中,一直有传言称伊朗是胡赛武装的幕后支持者,美国海军就曾截获大量据称是伊朗提供给胡赛武装的武器。如果此次沙特能在也门重创胡赛武装,那么就可以狠挫一下伊朗的士气,同时向国际社会宣誓沙特不光只是“土豪”一枚。

另外,此次沙特的行动应该也受到了美国的支持。在今年4月,就有美国多名不愿公开姓名的政府高官19日透露,特朗普政府正在考虑向打击也门胡塞武装的沙特阿拉伯部队提供更多军事支援,以迫使胡塞武装坐到谈判桌前。这些官员说,美军提供的军事支援将主要包括情报支持,但美军不会出动地面部队。美国国防部长詹姆斯·马蒂斯在4月18日和19日会见沙特国王萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒—阿齐兹时称,伊朗破坏地区安全和稳定,而美国将帮助沙特等国遏制伊朗的影响。马蒂斯说:“本地区凡是有麻烦的地方,都能看到伊朗的影子。所以我们现在看到,这一地区的国家和其他国家正在试图遏制伊朗及其可能造成的混乱和不稳。”笔者认为,考虑到特朗普上台以后对伊朗采取的一系列不善言行,此次美国利用沙特在也门打压伊朗的可能性非常高。(兰顺正)

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