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江西抚州发现明清墓葬42座 确定为汤显祖家族墓园

2017-08-28 19:06:01   央广网

央广网抚州8月28日消息(记者谢元森 江西台记者柯一航 抚州台记者洪素娟)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,江西省文化厅、抚州市政府今天上午召开新闻发布会,宣布汤显祖家族墓园遗址的考古工作取得阶段性重要成果,发现明清时期汤显祖家族墓园,目前已发现42座墓葬,基本确认汤显祖墓葬的具体位置。

新闻发布会上,江西省考古研究院院长徐长青介绍,2017年5月至今,经过3个多月的辛勤努力和科学发掘,考古工作者在江西抚州文昌里灵芝园内共发现明清时期墓葬42座,出土了墓志铭6方,从墓志铭及盖棺石铭文分析,灵芝园即为汤显祖家族墓园。其中,通过墓志铭可以明确6座墓主人身份分别为汤显祖高祖汤峻明、汤显祖高祖母艾氏、汤显祖祖父汤懋昭、汤显祖祖母魏夫人、汤显祖原配夫人吴夫人、汤显祖大弟少海公与其夫人潘氏,“根据酉塘公与祖母魏夫人墓志铭所书,尚质、尚贤二子均出自魏氏,纠正了《文昌汤氏宗谱》所记载的此二子分别为李氏与魏氏所生的谬误,弥补了传世文献记载不足;铭文中所记生活中的许多细节,是分析当时墓葬制度、社会文化生活的重要资料;铭文中所蕴含的书法、美术、文学、文字内容,特别是汤显祖亲自撰文的墓志铭,是汤学研究的珍贵资料。”

据文献记载,汤显祖逝世后葬在江西抚州文昌里灵芝园内,但由于时代变迁,汤显祖墓园渐渐湮没无迹可寻。位于抚州市人民公园内的汤显祖墓只是其衣冠冢。发布会透露,这次在文昌里灵芝园墓园内发现的刻有 “汤临川玉茗先生墓”、“玉茗公墓”的两块墓顶石盖板和刻有六字的半截墓碑,结合墓园所葬汤氏家族成员排列规律,初步确定4号墓为汤显祖与其傅氏夫人的双室合葬墓。而据左为尊的古制,汤显祖位于4号墓左室。

徐长青表示:“从排列规律看,3号、4号、18号与11-12号同属一个辈分,因18号墓与11-12号墓分别是汤显祖第一夫人吴氏墓和汤显祖弟弟汤儒祖与其夫人潘氏的双室合葬墓,而3号和4号墓又为一夫二妻的埋葬形式,要符合娶妻两人以上的条件,唯有汤显祖与其弟汤凤祖两人。在4号墓所在位置发现刻有“汤临川玉茗先生墓”、“玉茗公墓”的压棺石和“…義仍汤公之墓”的残墓碑,均是反映与汤显祖身份有关的信息。此外,发现的40座明代墓葬中,唯有4号墓遭到人为全面的破坏,这与汤显祖墓在1966年遭到红卫兵毁灭性破坏的事实完全符合。”

另据文献记载,灵芝园是汤显祖家族墓园自汤显祖父亲汤尚贤捐资买的,成为汤显祖家族主要成员的埋葬地。在同治九年版《临川县志》及光绪二十三年版《文昌汤氏宗谱》都有明确记载。

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