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顾宪之的清誉

2017-08-28 09:07:02   中国青年网

自古以来,酒的别称可谓多多,“杜康”“曲道人”“君子觞”“忘忧君”“杯中物”,等等,足有上百种叫法。翻阅《梁书·顾宪之传》,才知道“顾建康”也是它的别称之一,而且是流行于南北朝时期建康(今南京)的一种叫法。

据记载,元徽三年(475年),顾宪之被任命为建康令。当时有件积案,有人偷牛,偷的牛被牛的主人认出,偷牛的人也说牛是自己的,两方面的言辞证据都差不多,前两任县令都没能断决这个案子。顾宪之审核案件材料后,对双方说:“用不着多讲,我有解决的办法了。”于是他命人把系牛的绳索解开,任牛随便走动,结果牛径直回到原来主人的宅院,偷牛的人见状,当即供认了罪行。史书中记载,顾宪之“发奸擿伏,多如此类,时人号曰神明”。顾宪之为人清廉俭朴,勤政奉公,对帮助罪犯私下请托的权贵、贪赃残暴的官员都依法惩治,从不包庇,从而得到了民众的拥护。所以在京城建康,饮酒的人喝到醇厚甘美的好酒,就称其为“顾建康”,意思是说顾宪之为政如酒色清醇、味道甜美。

进入南齐后,顾宪之又先后被授为衡阳内史、婺州郡守,无论到哪里任职,都心系百姓,一心为公,又清廉自律从不营私,保持了“顾建康”醇厚甘美的“好味道”。

在衡阳,顾宪之到任以前,境内连年发生瘟疫,染病死去的人有一大半,因此棺木价格特别昂贵,于是百姓全都用苇席卷裹尸体丢弃于路旁。顾宪之刚一到任,就分别告诉所属各县,寻找死者的亲属,埋葬尸体。对于那些无人认领的尸体,顾宪之就拿出自己的俸禄,让公府的主簿办理埋葬事宜。衡阳当地还有一种叫“除祟”的民俗,山中百姓如患了病,往往说是先人带来的灾祸,就都去挖开坟墓,打开棺材,用水冲洗死者的尸骨。顾宪之用道理晓谕百姓,向他们讲清活人与死人的区别,指出疾病并非由死人所引起,当地的这一陋俗也因此得以改变。当时州刺史王奂刚刚到任,只有衡阳一郡没有到刺史府来告状的人,于是王奂感叹地说:“顾宪之的教化算是达到很好的境界了,假如本州所属的九个郡全都这样,我还会有什么麻烦事!”

在婺州,当时的司徒、竟陵王萧子良在宣城、临成、定陵三县交界处设屯垦地,划定数百里山泽,禁止百姓进入其中砍柴打猎。顾宪之坚决地陈说不能这样干,言辞恳切而直率。萧子良回答他说:“如果不是你,我就无法听到这么恳切的话语。”当即解除了禁令,还山林湖泊于百姓。

顾宪之虽出任多地郡守,家里积蓄的米粟却不多,卸任回乡后,居房狭小简陋,经常受冻挨饿。临终前,他还特意立书嘱咐子女薄葬素祭。可以说,顾宪之直到生命终了,依然保持了醇厚甘美的“好味道”,无愧于老百姓送其“顾建康”的美誉。

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