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电子数据是查证网络传销犯罪关键证据

2017-08-28 08:26:51   中国青年网

记者:传销犯罪现在态势如何?

贾春梅:当前,传销依托互联网平台已经转型升级了,网络成为传销的新平台,网络传销越来越多,已逐步取代了传统的传销模式。通过办案,我们发现,新型传销打着互联网金融旗号,采取电子商务、虚拟货币、消费返利、消费养老、原始股、金融互助等方式,更加隐蔽,危害更大。

记者:和传统的传销相比,网络传销有什么样的新特点?给执法办案机关带来哪些新的考验?

贾春梅:网络传销活动呈现两个突出特点。一是以网络为载体,打着互联网金融的旗号,网络传销往往呈现出与金融欺诈交织的复合型违法犯罪活动;二是网络传销涉众面巨大,有的甚至带有邪教组织的特征,对国家政治安全和社会稳定带来极大危害。

网络传销依托互联网平台进行活动,在证据上也体现了互联网特色,电子信息数据是查证网络传销犯罪的关键证据。电子证据是由计算机设备储存的,经诉讼机关依法定程序作为诉讼证据收集固定的数据信息。与传统证据相比,电子证据具有多重性、技术性和可修改性、可灭失性的特点。

因此,办案机关在侦查、取证工作中,如何做好电子证据的收集、固定工作成为新的课题。2016年9月,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和公安部联合下发了《关于办理刑事案件收集提取和审查判断电子数据若干问题的规定》,对于刑事诉讼中电子数据的收集、提取、审查、认定等行为予以规范,对侦查人员提出了较高的要求,侦查人员除了要熟悉刑侦知识、法律知识外,还需要熟知电子数据的相关技术标准。

记者:现有机制是否还有亟待完善的地方?

贾春梅:打击传销,必须从源头抓起。这个源头不仅在“地下”,而且在“网上”。当前,网购和快递业务是网络传销的重要源头。这就要求管理部门迅速介入这个监管“真空地带”,加强对电商、网店等网络交易行为的管理,重点把握网购、快递两个关键环节。建议相关部门组建“网络警察”和“网络工商”,设置专门的网上管理机构,配备专职执法人员,对网购行为实施专项管理,全程监控,发现“异常交易”情况,及时查处。另外,呼吁全国人大常委会尽快出台电子商务法。通过立法规范第三方平台和电商,规范电子商务经营主体的经营行为,比如快递物流、电子支付、消费者权益保护等等,为遏制传销通过网络平台开展提供更完善的法律依据。

网络传销还涉及到地域管辖问题。现行法律以“犯罪地管辖为主、被告人居住地管辖为辅”的原则确定地域管辖,传销活动通过网络实施,不但涉及人数众多,还具有跨区跨省的特点,如何确定立案管辖权,由何地司法机关管辖需要出台具体规定予以规范。

记者:帮群众认清传销骗局,检察机关能做些什么?

贾春梅:无论传销的形式如何变化发展,其实质仍是以购买份额作为缴纳入门费,发展下线人员、拉人头组成层级,以下线人员“业绩”作为获利依据。检察机关在办案中,应该注意结合传销组织犯罪案例,充分利用与群众接触的机会,揭露传销活动的违法犯罪本质和严重危害,向群众宣传传销常见的骗人步骤、惯用手段和防范传销的注意事项,警示教育广大群众拒绝传销、远离传销,避免被不实“招聘”诱骗参与传销,教育群众树立正确的致富观念,教育群众远离传销,防止上当。注意总结归纳自救知识,帮助陷入传销的群众提升自我救助能力。鼓励广大人民群众积极向公安部门提供有关的传销举报线索,及时劝阻、挽救身边有传销倾向的朋友、亲戚、同学。

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