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桃树细菌性穿孔病防治
2017-08-28 07:26:54 中国青年网
桃树穿孔病常见的有细菌性穿孔病、真菌性霉斑穿孔病及褐斑穿孔病。其中,桃树细菌性穿孔病俗称桃树细菌性黑斑病,是一种分布广、传播快、危害严重的病害,可为害桃树叶片、枝梢和果实,易造成桃叶穿孔早落,导致树体营养积累减少,从而影响花芽的形成。2016年,桃树穿孔病在我省平陆县部官乡、张店镇等乡镇严重发生,一般桃园穿孔病发病率均在50%以上,个别严重桃园发病率在90%以上,严重地块每亩造成3000元—5000元的损失,桃农损失严重,防控形势非常严峻。
随着桃树细菌性穿孔病防治技术的不断完善,省农科院植保所联合棉花所、平陆县农业委员会、平陆县果业发展中心,于今年夏季在平陆县张店镇举办了“桃树细菌性穿孔病防治技术现场会”。现场会详细介绍了桃树细菌性穿孔病的防控技术,并现场展示了多种药剂对桃树细菌性穿孔病的控制效果。
桃树细菌性穿孔病防治原则主要是“预防为主、综合防治”,针对该病传播和发病速度快的特点,建议以村为单位开展统防统治工作。
该病通过风、雨水、昆虫均能传播,且发病和传播具有暴发性、快速性的特点,应避免桃和蔬菜(尤其是番茄)混栽,减少昆虫传播病菌;若偏施氮肥,桃园密闭,通风透光不畅,会导致该病发生更为严重,应加强肥水管理和果树修剪;在药剂防治时,应注重冬春季清园、萌芽前和谢花后的三个关键时期,并轮换使用对症药剂。此外,施药时还应选择雾化程度高的施药器械,并均匀覆盖发病部位。
今年,严格按照上述技术方案实施的试验桃园,叶片和果实的发病率均在10%以下,防治效果显著。因此,只要通过栽培管理措施不断改善桃园通风透光条件,并在坚持统防统治的前提下,做好冬春季清园工作、萌芽前关键期用药、以及落花后三个关键时期的合理施药,通过2年至3年完全能够控制该病的发生蔓延。
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