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800万条抗浪鱼回“家”

2017-08-28 05:16:52   中国青年网

一团团充满氧气的鱼苗袋被拉到抚仙湖岸边,袋里挤满了约6厘米长、银白色的抗浪鱼苗,人们刚打开袋子,小抗浪鱼便争先恐后地跳进湖水中,溅起一簇簇水花。仅几分钟,40万条抗浪鱼就全部放流到抚仙湖中。在靠近岸边清澈透明的湖水里,一群群小抗浪鱼苗在色彩斑斓的浅水区来回游弋,过了一会儿才向湖水深处游去。

8月26日,云南省玉溪市在抚仙湖边举行抗浪鱼放流活动。美丽的抚仙湖拥有Ⅰ类水质,蓄水量占全国淡水湖泊蓄水总量的9.16%。肉质鲜美的抗浪鱼原名 浪白鱼,是抚仙湖的“土著居民”,也是抚仙湖的象征之一。然而20多年前,抗浪鱼遭到机动船渔网疯狂捕捞,又被外来物种银鱼抢夺食物,产量由600吨下降为不足0.5吨,几近消失。2003年,抗浪鱼被列入《云南省水生野生动植物保护名录》。

为拯救濒临灭绝的抗浪鱼,恢复抚仙湖原有的生态系统,玉溪市在2005年8月26日将抚仙湖上的2000多只机动船全部取缔,禁捕抗浪鱼,并把每年8月26日确定为抚仙湖保护活动日。从2007年开始,玉溪市实施抗浪鱼人工增殖放流活动,每年向抚仙湖投放七八十万条抗浪鱼,10年来已有800余万条抗浪鱼回到了抚仙湖中,然而只有15%的抗浪鱼能够存活。

“抗浪鱼喜欢生活在干净的水中,只有Ⅰ类水质的抚仙湖才适合它们生存,目前已在抚仙湖中形成了小规模的自然繁殖群体,近两年还出现抗浪鱼鱼汛现象,说明抗浪鱼种群数量得到初步恢复,抚仙湖的良好水质得到稳定保障。”主持抗浪鱼放流活动的抚仙湖管理局副局长陈黎彬说。

“我15岁就下湖捕鱼,也捕捞过抗浪鱼,这些年大家知道保护了,都不再捕捞抗浪鱼。”抚仙湖边澄江县海口镇新村村民施应其告诉记者,3年前他当了抚仙湖监督员,每天从早到晚在湖边巡查,防止有人偷捕抗浪鱼,劝阻少数游客乱丢垃圾。像施应其这样从捕捞抗浪鱼的村民到保护抗浪鱼和抚仙湖的监督员,环抚仙湖沿岸每公里有两人,共有250人。

向抗浪鱼放流活动提供抗浪鱼苗的,是海口镇永和村抗浪鱼养殖合作社和罗碧山箐箐生态农副产品合作社。永和村抗浪鱼养殖合作社理事长施增祥告诉记者,近几年人工养殖抗浪鱼在永和村成了致富门路,合作社用自然流过来的抚仙湖水养殖抗浪鱼,一年纯收入100多万元。

在抗浪鱼等物种在抚仙湖逐步壮大的同时,人类活动也在逐步退出抚仙湖一级保护区。今年抚仙湖保护活动日当天,位于抚仙湖一级保护区的云南江川海湾软件培训中心被当众拆除,同时在一级保护区内的13家中央和省属企事业单位被要求在今年内退出。在“十三五”期间,在一级保护区内生活的2.8万村民将全部搬迁。

在邻近澄江县城的抚仙湖北岸,几年前的连片农田变成了万亩湿地和湖滨缓冲带,鲜花、芦苇和沙滩,将抚仙湖打扮得更加妩媚动人。

(本报记者 张勇)

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