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融媒体时代的影视批评别被弹幕遮蔽了眼
2017-08-28 04:06:47 中国青年网
【文艺观潮】
当下,融媒体时代已经到来。融媒体并非一种媒体的具体形态,而是多种媒体互动整合的一种传播“平台”。它将报刊书籍等传统纸媒、广播和电视等电子传媒、手机和平板电脑等与互联网密切相关的新型数字触摸媒体进行融合,出现电子报刊、网络广播、手机报、手机广播、网络电视和手机电视等新型媒介样式,呈现固定与移动、二维与三维、文字与影像、单向与多极形态,在强调共同性与差异性的基础上,信息在不同媒体之间融合,形成自媒、共享、互通、联动和扩散等效应。
各类批评形式都有一席之地
在新的格局之下,电影、电视和网络的交融现象日渐突出。三者的关系明显走向综合化和交互性,同时又具有相对独立性。综合化和交互性是指电影、电视和网络的相互结合,彼此间的界限变得越来越模糊,跨界成为常态。譬如电视电影,这是一种按照电影的艺术规范和电视叙事规律来制作的跨类型影像形态,但它同时又是通过电视平台播放的电视节目。而经由电视综艺改编的电影又在某种程度上刷新了我们对传统剧情片的惯性认知。近几年时兴的IP影视,则将网络介入电影与电视传播,影视创作资源来自于网络的情状被推向全新的局面。相对独立性则是指上述三者彼此融合但又不可相互替代,至少就目前而言,电影、电视和网络仍然遵循各自的规律行进。
融媒体所带来的传播平台的巨变,不仅直接关联着影视创作与生产,也深刻影响着以接受为主旨的影视批评。与融媒体时代之前的状况相比,当下的影视作品创作、传播和批评已是大相径庭。单就批评而言,已出现由单一纸媒造就的精英式、小众化、封闭式和单向式批评,走向全员化、大众化、开放式和多向式批评的大趋势。这其中尤其以弹幕、微信或微博等为手段和路径的大众化网络批评为最。现在,一些“现象级”的影视作品,总是能引发各路批评的狂欢,譬如以微信微博为主体的网络批评,以电视广播为主体的电子传媒批评,以报纸期刊为主体的传统纸媒批评等,甚至实现了各年龄层次、各行业背景参与的全员批评,其精细化和专业化程度令人叫绝,早已超出影视剧艺术批评的范畴。这些批评将文字、图像、视频、粉丝团、弹幕和表情包等一齐推出,多元和多向的批评维度激活传受双方,将影视观众的被动接受化为其所思所想的主动而为。严谨、戏谑、反讽,审美与非审美,专业与非专业,在这里都可以找到自己的一席之地。
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