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召开诉前会议需遵循三项原则

2017-08-27 08:21:50   中国青年网

为提高公诉环节的司法公信力,提高审查起诉案件办理质量,有的地方检察机关正积极探索实行诉前会议制度。因为诉前会议制度处于探索阶段,各地具体做法不一,效果也参差不齐。诉前会议作为一种公开、透明的办案方式和程序探索,符合检务公开的要求,但是,在探索过程中,也必须依法、规范进行,笔者认为,召开诉前会议应遵循三项原则。

合法性原则。诉前会议应严格依法进行,具体的程序设计必须符合法律的规定。诉前会议,是指检察机关在刑事案件审查起诉过程中,就案件的程序性、实体性问题,由检察人员召集侦查人员、当事人、辩护人、诉讼代理人等相关人员进行交流沟通并听取相关意见的一种审查起诉工作机制。

刑事诉讼法第170条规定:“人民检察院审查案件,应当讯问犯罪嫌疑人,听取辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人的意见,并记录在案。”庭前会议的具体操作应当以此为依据,不能擅自超越。如诉前会议的启动应当由检察机关依职权决定,侦查机关有建议权,辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人有申请权。参加会议的应限于审查起诉人员、侦查人员、当事人、辩护人、诉讼代理人。召开诉前会议一般应在检察院进行,如果被羁押的犯罪嫌疑人确有必要参加,可以在看守所进行或者通过远程提讯系统进行。召开会议的目的是听取意见并记录在案,一般不对案件作出处理决定。

必要性原则。诉前会议不是审查起诉案件的必经程序,司法的效率性要求召开诉前会议必须遵循必要性原则。一般认为,诉前会议的适用范围为重大疑难复杂案件、新型犯罪案件和可能存在违法侦查取证的案件。根据必要性原则,如果案件没有争议,完全能够正确认定事实、适用法律的,可依法作出起诉或不起诉决定。有必要召开诉前会议妥善解决的具体问题有:是否已排除影响定罪量刑的非法证据、是否需要调取影响定罪量刑的新证据、认定案件事实的证据是否充分、案件定性是否存在重大争议、有无必要对犯罪嫌疑人变更强制措施等。

也就是说,诉前会议必须明确需要解决的问题,可以是有争议的程序性或实体性问题。这就要求诉前会议开始后,主持会议的办案检察官应先确定会议要听取的问题,再听取辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人的意见和理由,再听取侦查机关的意见和说明,其间双方可以有针对性地相互问答。办案检察官可以就双方的主要观点和理由进行总结归纳,发表自己的看法并阐明依据。

实效性原则。诉前会议制度作为一项创新性的审查起诉工作制度,承载着司法公开、司法民主、司法公正、司法效率等多项程序性价值。召开诉前会议要讲求实效,不能流于形式。如果一次诉前会议后还有需要解决的争议性问题,可以再次召开诉前会议。诉前会议有助于审查起诉精细化,全面提升公诉案件办案质量。通过诉前会议,可以加强对侦查机关取证的引导和监督。诉前会议中发现有违法侦查行为的,应视情节轻重口头提出纠正意见或发出纠正违法通知书。通过诉前会议,更好地听取辩护人、被害人及其诉讼代理人意见,保障犯罪嫌疑人和被害人的合法权益。

对审查起诉阶段而言,召开诉前会议增加了一个工作环节,但却提高了案件整个司法流程的效率,符合以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革需要。此外,还要完善诉审衔接机制,在诉前会议中采纳的合理性建议,要在庭审发表公诉意见时予以体现。诉前会议中排除的非法证据,也可在庭审调查中予以说明。

(作者单位:浙江省丽水市莲都区人民检察院)

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