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阿里巴巴的财富
2017-08-26 14:05:56 中国青年网
卫建民
每晚临睡前,我都会选读一篇纳训先生翻译的《一千零一夜》,权当精神上的一粒“安眠药”。不过阿拉伯世界里奇异瑰丽的古老传奇,总是撩动人的神经,闭上眼睛,那些曲径通幽、闪烁着东方智慧的故事,仍旧在脑中翻腾。
记得改革开放之初,我看过一部电影《阿里巴巴和四十大盗》。那时年轻,思想还没有及时随国门开放,对影片里袒胸露臂、扭来扭去跳肚皮舞的舞娘还感到很刺激。这个在我国流传最广的异域故事,早在一百多年前,就由二十岁的周作人从英文翻译出版,书名为《侠女奴》。说是翻译,实际上也是编译——周的译本,重新组织,打破原来的故事结构,把女仆马尔基娜作为故事的主角,突出了她的机智勇敢和对主人的忠诚。而在原始文本中,马尔基娜是下半部才出现的,并非贯穿始终的人物。她是阿里巴巴的哥哥高西睦的女仆,身份属于奴隶。高西睦因嫉妒贪婪,看见他弟弟一夜暴富,逼着问明原因,也跑到藏宝的山洞“芝麻开门”,结果忘记出门的暗号,喊叫“大麦开门”,门自然打不开,自己却被赶回来的匪徒剁成肉块。正是主人在寻宝过程中被匪徒剁成肉块,他忠实的女仆马尔基娜才在故事里出场,为缝合高西睦已碎裂的尸体去寻找裁缝,让她的主人下葬时有个全尸。到匪徒侦得盗去山洞财宝的是阿里巴巴时,马尔基娜又充分展示了她的果断刚烈、机智勇敢。故事在后半部分惊险炽烈,很是好看。
这个故事的开头,也像我国此类古老的故事一样,兄弟分家:哥哥高西睦娶了个富商的女儿,日子过得富裕舒适;弟弟阿里巴巴娶了个穷人的女儿,生活贫穷,致富无门,只得拉着三匹小毛驴,靠打柴卖柴为生。打柴是传统低端产业,只能勉强维持温饱,怎么能富起来?要是在我国,这种同类型故事的套路,总是会说哥哥富是因为勤劳,弟弟穷是因为懒惰。或者,哥哥开始富,后来穷,是因为穷奢极欲,不仁不义;弟弟开始穷,后来富,是因为既勤劳又节俭,还讲道德,结论是一番道德说教。而在阿拉伯的这个古老故事里,阿里巴巴发财致富却不是倚仗他的勤劳。他拉着三匹小毛驴,天天上山打柴,从生产、储存到销售一条龙服务,从没有休过假,已经够勤劳的了,但他只住着一间破屋,许多年都没富起来,更别说先富起来。直至偶然发现藏宝的山洞,掌握开门关门的密令后,再由马尔基娜智灭四十大盗,打柴的穷小子阿里巴巴才最终把财富转移到自己手上,成为当地首富。故事最后说:
当初,阿里巴巴原是穷得无立锥之地,靠打柴为生的一个穷汉,有幸发现山中的宝藏,便一步登天,财富、名誉、地位一直上升到至高无上的地步。
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