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林毅夫报告惹争议 田国强:轻工业让市场发挥作用

2017-08-26 11:00:56   央广网

8月25日,由北京大学新结构经济学研究中心主任林毅夫教授团队发布的《吉林省经济结构转型升级研究报告(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《吉林报告》)引起的学界争论再度发酵。

上海财经大学经济学院院长田国强撰文反对林毅夫所提出的吉林应率先弥补轻工业短板的政策建议,而强调“轻工业行业基本上是一个竞争性的行业,应该是让市场发挥作用”。

中国人民大学区域与城市经济研究所教授张可云也在其个人微信公众号发表文章《新结构经济学适用于分析老工业基地问题吗?兼就<吉林报告>与林毅夫教授商榷》聚焦争议的学理层面。他认为在比较优势理论的基础上改进而来的林毅夫“新结构经济学”并不适用于分析老工业基地。

自去年下半年开始,田国强与林毅夫二人间就不断发生关于产业政策问题的争论,这次田国强在《对林毅夫教授用新结构经济学给吉林省开出产业政策药方的看法》一文中仍然将重点放在了产业政策问题上。

他表示,“其争论的焦点和实质其实就是一句话:对具体行业(特别不是新兴行业)的发展、走向的决策和具体实施,到底是由学者或政府的产业政策来决定,还是由市场来决定?也就是,到底是少数个人(学者、政府机构及其官员)聪明,还是市场和大众聪明?”

田国强称,“林毅夫对吉林的发展提出打造五大具体产业集群的建议,其中最引起争议的一个产业政策具体药方就是,遵循比较优势,轻工业短板要补上。既然是产业政策方面的建议,那应该是在说要由政府来主导。”

田国强从信息、外部性、激励、效率、公平、风险等6个方面分别阐述了自己反对政府主导产业政策的理由。提出了诸如“到底是学者更了解发展哪个具体产业更可发展,还是市场、大众及其企业家更了解?企业基本都是逐利的,有利才去发展,东北在轻工业行业方面有竞争优势?民企不愿意去做,国企去做会有效率?给予政策的优惠,扶持一个企业,而不扶持另外一个企业,怎么决定?”等问题。

田国强强调,作为学者,更应该是进行理论和原则性方面的指导,并且这种指导要充分考虑国情,而不是具体的建议,“因为我们没有市场、大众、具体政策部门,实际工作者更了解具体情况。”

他最后指出,在林毅夫领衔的《吉林报告》中,基本没有强调改革、体制机制的问题,并认为“外商投资较低的根本原因是违背比较优势的产业结构”,他表示:“而我对投资回报率低原因的看法正好相反。如果只谈发展,只谈政策,不谈改革和治理,是很难让经济得到可持续发展的”。

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