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漫步冬宫 博物馆

2017-08-26 06:15:57   中国青年网

冬宫博物馆远眺。 冯小红摄

今年暑期,我们来到了俄罗斯圣彼得堡这座具有300年历史的老城。来到这里第一天中午,便去参观著名的冬宫博物馆。它的俄语名字叫艾尔米塔斯,意谓远离尘世的地方。这个名字就让人充满想象。

行走在涅瓦河畔,灰白与黄绿相间、装饰着金色浮雕、楼顶立青铜雕像的冬宫建筑群,巍然呈现在眼前,似乎在静静地诉说着它所经历的悠长岁月:火灾、战争、掠夺、革命、修复、重建乃至浴火重生,完美复原……这座昔日的皇家私有博物馆,以其气势磅礴的建筑风格、来自世界各地的艺术珍藏、记载着罗曼诺夫王朝兴衰史的宫廷文物,成为与伦敦大英博物馆、巴黎卢浮宫、纽约大都会艺术博物馆齐名的世界著名博物馆之一。

戴上中文无线讲解接收器,我们在冬宫工作人员的引导下,有序地进入博物馆。一到入口约旦楼梯,眼前的金碧辉煌、华美之极立刻让人产生目眩之感。巴洛克式幻象视觉效果,令人叹为观止。拾级而上,抬头仰望,偌大的天花板上希腊神话题材油画,是意大利画家提香的作品。

跟随引导进入徽章厅,最引人注目的是1812年军事走廊。两面墙壁上布满了英雄画像,是为了纪念参加1812年俄打退拿破仑入侵战争的将领们,仔细观看,有的有像无名,有的有名无像。

接下来进入冬宫的心脏——圣乔治厅(也称金銮殿)。无论是天花板还是墙壁,金灿灿的装饰美轮美奂,连地板也呈现出16款不同树木的花纹。罗曼诺夫王朝的许多盛大庆典,都在此举行。

在空中花园靠近亭台楼阁的地方,便是以马赛克工艺著称的亭台楼阁厅,这是1850年至1858年间修建的一个小花园。从墙壁到地面,从桌子到画像,都运用了制作精美、工艺极其精巧的马赛克工艺。一幅伊丽莎白女皇的马赛克肖像,其工艺之精细,使人近在咫尺也看不出马赛克纹理。亭台楼阁厅尤其吸引观众的孔雀报时钟堪称惊艳,纯紫金打造,每到整点,孔雀自动开屏旋转一周,公鸡打鸣,猫头鹰的眼睛一眨一眨,蘑菇上的镀金小蜻蜓相当于指针,制作非常精巧。据说是由英国18世纪著名的钟表设计师设计完成的。

快到文艺复兴前期厅时,人流渐渐汇聚,观众开始排队。当来到达芬奇厅,观众已经摩肩接踵了。人们排起了长队,我也加入队尾耐心地等待欣赏达芬奇早期的真迹《圣母与花》《圣母与圣子》。这些画作的内容虽说是宗教神话题材,但画面人物表情亲切平易。

对于无数冬宫珍宝来说,两个多小时参观只能走马观花。徜徉其间,我们也如好奇的孩童,莫名地开心兴奋。

走出冬宫博物馆,经过一座横越冬运河、造型优美的威尼斯式拱形跨廊,我们于傍晚时分早早地来到冬宫剧院——艾尔米塔斯剧院,等待在此欣赏皇家芭蕾舞团的经典演出《天鹅湖》。这座精致华美、充满古典气息的皇家家族剧院,是冬宫建筑群早期部分,它秀美的外观与冬宫建筑群浑然一体,非常和谐。剧场内部为罗马戏剧厅风格,半圆形看台逐阶增高,舞台旁装饰着半圆形的柱子与壁龛,观众席周围装饰着古希腊罗马神话人物雕像,整个剧场至今依然富丽堂皇。这里仅有300个座位,曾经上演了无数场俄罗斯经典芭蕾舞表演。

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