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推进农民工返乡 创业的重要路径
2017-08-25 04:31:35 中国青年网
农民工返乡创业是我国大众创业、万众创新的重要组成部分,也是我国实现就近城镇化的重要途径。当前,农民工返乡创业创新再出发,出现了一股新潮流。如何顺应这股农民工返乡创业热潮,推动农业供给侧结构性改革、激活农村经济,值得我们深入思考。
返乡下乡人员创业创新,是促进以人为核心的城镇化进程,实现就近城镇化的重要途径,既有利于将现代科技、生产方式和经营理念引入农业,提高农业质量效益和竞争力;还有利于发展新产业新业态新模式,推动农村一二三产业融合发展;更有利于激活各类城乡生产资源要素,促进农民就业增收。近年来,国家高度重视农民工返乡创业,无论是出台《关于支持农民工等人员返乡创业的意见》,还是印发《关于支持返乡下乡人员创业创新促进农村一二三产业融合发展的意见》等,都为返乡下乡人员到农村开展创业创新营造了良好环境。随着大众创业、万众创新的深入推进,越来越多的农民工、科技人员等返乡下乡人员到农村创业创新。据相关调查显示,近几年农民工和大学生等人员返乡创业、就业人数年均增幅保持在两位数。一些地方在推动农民工返乡创业上也做了不少探索,积累了不少经验。以贵州省遵义市汇川区为例,其积极探索、多方鼓励、积极支持外出农民工返乡创业就业,走出了一条具有当地特色的以创业带动就业、创新促进发展,统筹推进精准扶贫、美丽乡村建设和县域经济协调发展之路,其中有不少做法值得我们研究。
激发农村经济发展新活力。当前,随着经济社会转型发展,返乡农民工带着技术、资金踏上返乡创业之路,他们在城市发展中获取的先进经营发展理念和成果与当前农村发展在资金、技术、人才方面的短板形成互补效应,这些都成为带动区域经济社会发展、推动地区“二次创业”的中坚力量。比如,遵义市汇川区自2005年开始探索“输出变引回、创业带就业、创新促发展”的农村经济发展新路子,开辟助推农民工返乡创业创新新通道,切实解决农民工返乡创业创新的政策、资金、技术等困难和问题。相继制定了《汇川区关于做好农民工工作的实施意见》等18个相关优惠政策,引导和鼓励返乡农民工通过租赁、承包等方式利用闲置土地、厂房等进行创业,提供创业奖励及经营场所租金等资金补贴,大大激发了农村经济发展活力。
树立农业结构调整新导向。农民工返乡创业是当前劳动密集型产业区域转移的载体,延伸和承接发达地区的产业链,强化就近城镇化建设的产业支撑能力。这种产业转移将改变当地的产业绩效,推动产业结构的变迁升级。从这个意义上说,农民工返乡创业创新,对于农业产业结构优化调整,加快农村一二三产业融合发展将起到示范引领的作用。比如,贵州省遵义市汇川区大力引导返乡农民工参与开发旅游资源,发展现代种植养殖,培育新技术、新业态、新模式,丰富农业经营主体。返乡农民工创办的梦润鹌鹑、大坡葡萄、杨老大米粉等一批特色种植养殖基地和农产品加工企业迅猛发展;农民工返乡创业创新一条街、现代农业体验馆等30余个农民工返乡创业创新项目得到实施,有力带动了特色种植养殖、农产品精深加工、餐饮服务、乡村旅游等产业蓬勃发展,初步形成了以山地高效特色农业、农旅一体化、农产品精深加工等为主导的现代农业产业集群。
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