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钢价缺乏持续上涨动力

2017-08-25 04:26:34   中国青年网

近期,国内市场钢材价格明显上升,涨幅扩大,引发了业界对钢价走势的关注。

监测数据显示,7月末,钢铁协会CSPI中国钢材价格指数为106.49点,环比上升5.46点,升幅为5.40%,较上月加大3.63个百分点;与上年同期相比上升34.40点,升幅为47.72%。指数上升背后是钢价出现普涨局面。从产品角度看,长材、板材价格均继续上升,板材升幅高于长材;主要钢材品种价格均有所上升。

值得注意的是,钢材价格出现较大幅度上涨,是在国内市场钢材需求较为稳定的情况下发生的,虽有原燃料价格上涨的支撑因素,但根子还在政策预期上,市场虚火过旺。

来自国家统计局的数据显示,1月份至7月份,全国固定资产投资(不含农户)同比增长8.3%,其中基础设施投资同比增长20.9%;全国房地产开发投资同比增长7.9%。其中,房屋新开工面积同比增长8.0%。这表明,主要用钢行业仍保持增长,钢材需求保持平稳。

通过对中国铁矿石价格指数的监测也可以发现,截至7月底,进口铁矿石价格为71.75美元/吨,环比上涨9.34美元/吨,涨幅为14.97%,较上月加大3.78个百分点;废钢价格连续第二个月上涨,环比增幅为4.75%。钢材价格上涨拉动铁矿石等原燃材料价格上涨,反过来又对钢价有一定的支撑作用。

有分析人士指出,钢材价格出现较大幅度上涨,主要还是受有关政策预期影响。今年以来,有关部门多次提出要巩固去产能成果、坚决清除“地条钢”,并防止死灰复燃。此外,今年上半年出台的“2+26”城市大气污染防治任务,使市场对后市预期较高,拉动了钢材价格上涨。

近期黑色系期货市场和钢铁上市公司股票价格出现 “异动”,推动钢材现货市场价格走高的现象很是耐人寻味。中国钢铁工业协会召开专题会议研判认为,当前钢材期货价格大幅上涨并非市场需求拉动或是市场供给减少所致,而是一部分机构对相关政策过度解读,甚至得出钢材价格还要“飞涨”的极端结论。这类市场形势判断放大了环保等有关政策对于市场供给的影响,是危言耸听的炒作行为。

实际上,类似的情况在2017年初就已经出现过。因为国家要彻底取缔“地条钢”,市场上曾出现一波行情炒作,借以推高钢材现货、期货价格和进口铁矿石价格。尽管靠炒作一度抬高了钢价,但由于缺乏市场基本面支撑,钢价很快从高点跌下来。在一片恐慌情绪之下,炒家争相出逃,市场出现了大起大落。

展望钢材价格走势,关键还得看清市场供需关系。由于国内钢材需求会保持平稳,钢铁产能释放保持较高水平,后期钢材价格预计难以持续大幅上涨。

从需求看,平稳态势仍将延续。今年以来,供给侧结构性改革深入推进,国内经济延续稳中向好的运行态势,市场供求关系不断改善。后期用钢行业有望继续稳定增长,钢材需求将基本平稳。

从供给看,优势产能确有保障。今年以来,国家推进去产能、全面清除“地条钢”取得显著成效,优势产能合规释放,市场供需形势有所改善。1月份至7月份,全国粗钢产量4.92亿吨,同比增长5.1%。从后期供需态势看,供暖季的环保限产措施会对供给产生一定影响,但随着优势产能的较快释放,后期市场不会产生大的缺口,钢材价格难以大幅上涨,将呈波动运行态势。

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