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沃兹尼亚克:电脑的“神奇巫师”(互联网大咖秀)

2017-08-25 04:26:29   中国青年网

斯蒂夫·盖瑞·沃兹尼亚克曾与史蒂夫·乔布斯合伙创立苹果电脑。在硅谷,他有很多绰号,比如“神奇巫师沃兹”、“伯克利蓝”等。在《史蒂夫·乔布斯传》一书中,作者沃尔特·艾萨克森对沃兹尼亚克的性格描述是:内敛,不擅长社交,是为人忠厚、勤奋苦干型的技术男。他与人为善,喜欢和睦的氛围,希望公司就像家一样的融洽,对乔布斯把公司氛围变得紧张有些不满。在乔布斯看来,沃兹尼亚克是幼稚的、不成熟的。但正是这样一个与乔布斯管理风格迥异的人,赋予了苹果电脑生命。

在结束加州大学伯克利分校的课程后,沃兹尼亚克正式走上了惠普公司工程师的工作岗位,但他并没有放弃自己的业余爱好,私下仍会进行自己的电子专案计划。

1975年3月,沃兹尼亚克的老友鲍姆通知他参加一个聚会,这场聚会就是后来名留硅谷历史的“家酿电脑俱乐部”首次聚会。沃兹尼亚克从聚会上取得一份仿英特尔8008微处理器的技术规格文件,赫然发现竟与5年前自己设计的奶油苏打电脑相去不远,这再次激发了他自制电脑的梦想。原来,在更早之前,沃兹尼亚克曾设计出一款可以连上阿帕网络(因特网的前身)打字并回传字符显示到屏幕上的终端机。在那个电脑上满布灯泡和开关的时代,这无疑是一个壮举。

第一次聚会结束的当晚,沃兹尼亚克就在纸上完成了苹果一代(当时仍未命名)的设计草图。虽然有了图纸,但沃兹尼亚克仍旧烦恼——他用摩托罗拉6800作微处理器,成本很高,该如何降低硬件成本?第二次聚会时,他将设计图发给大家交流,寻找改进方案。1975年6月,他在旧金山西方电子展上找到规格相容、价格减半的MOS 6502微处理器作为替代品,解决了成本问题。

万事齐备后,沃兹尼亚克利用下班时间组装了苹果一代。然而,这款电脑半小时后才有响应,该如何解决反应慢的问题?沃兹尼亚克借鉴了他在惠普研发计算器时的经验,在只读内存里写了一支轮询监控程式,方便电脑与周边设备沟通。经过多次的故障排除测试后,1975年6月29日的晚上10点钟,苹果一代的屏幕上终于快速地显示出了键盘所输入的字符。也就是说,沃兹尼亚克在人类历史上首次实现了电脑的快速反应,个人电脑历史翻开了新的一页。正是因为他对创造的热爱、对技术的追求,才使得电脑走进了千家万户。

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